Wittock Nathan, Hustinx Lesley, Bracke Piet, Buffel Veerle
Department of Sociology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
Transfusion. 2017 Nov;57(11):2619-2628. doi: 10.1111/trf.14272. Epub 2017 Aug 25.
Ageing European populations put pressure on national blood supplies, increasing the need for blood and donor base rejuvenation. Therefore, we investigate how European countries' blood donor populations differ and how they have evolved over the last 2 decades. Previous comparative research, based on 1994 Eurobarometer data, indicate that the typical donor is an educated, middle-aged, white, married male. Other sociodemographic and socioeconomic correlates, such as employment status and type of community, are less clear.
Multilevel analyses are performed on repeated cross-level data from the Eurobarometer (waves 1994, 2002, 2009, and 2014) to compare information on "ever having donated" across sociodemographic categories, countries, and periods.
There are consistent but moderate country and period differences. The donor population rose to become largest in most countries by 2009, and stabilized thereafter. Over the studied period, donors were more likely to be higher educated, married men. Nevertheless, changes across time in donor profiles within countries did occur. Women were less likely to donate blood, especially in Southern and Eastern Europe, but this gender gap has declined. Furthermore, educational attainment seems more relevant for women, although, more recently, to a lesser extent.
Although there is a promising trend in which women, young people, and students are increasingly likely to donate, more attention is needed to reach the unemployed and the low to medium educated. Because the unemployed may lack structural opportunities to donate, and the low to medium educated may lack relevant knowledge on blood donation necessity, we recommend providing practical opportunities and information on the necessity of blood donation.
欧洲人口老龄化给各国血液供应带来压力，增加了对血液的需求以及更新献血者群体的必要性。因此，我们研究欧洲各国献血者群体有何不同，以及在过去20年里是如何演变的。此前基于1994年欧洲晴雨表数据的比较研究表明，典型的献血者是受过教育、中年、白人、已婚男性。其他社会人口统计学和社会经济相关因素，如就业状况和社区类型，则不太明确。
对欧洲晴雨表（1994年、2002年、2009年和2014年各波次）的重复跨层次数据进行多层次分析，以比较不同社会人口统计学类别、国家和时期内“曾经献血”的信息。
存在一致但适度的国家和时期差异。到2009年，大多数国家的献血者群体有所增加并达到最大规模，此后趋于稳定。在研究期间，献血者更有可能是受过高等教育的已婚男性。然而，各国献血者特征随时间确实发生了变化。女性献血的可能性较小，尤其是在南欧和东欧，但这种性别差距已经缩小。此外，教育程度对女性似乎更重要，不过最近这种重要性有所降低。
尽管女性、年轻人和学生献血的可能性越来越大，这是一个有希望的趋势，但仍需要更多关注以覆盖失业者以及低学历和中等学历人群。由于失业者可能缺乏献血的结构性机会，而低学历和中等学历人群可能缺乏关于献血必要性的相关知识，我们建议提供献血的实际机会以及关于献血必要性的信息。
