Koster J, Hassall O W
Graduate School of Social Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Transfus Med. 2011 Oct;21(5):301-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3148.2011.01079.x. Epub 2011 Jul 18.
This study was conducted in Bamenda, Cameroon. The objectives of the study were to develop a theoretical framework to better understand local attitudes towards blood donation and transfusion, to identify factors that motivate and deter blood donation and to identify interventions to improve the supply of blood for transfusion at Bamenda Regional Hospital.
The supply of blood for transfusion in sub-Saharan Africa is insufficient. Cameroon has no national blood service and the collection and screening of blood is the responsibility of individual hospitals. At Bamenda Regional Hospital patient relatives recruit replacement blood donors, who may or may not be family members, and shortages of blood and delays in transfusion are frequent.
Qualitative research methods were used: direct observation, in-depth interviews, focus group discussions and a simulation exercise. Participants were clinical and laboratory staff, patient relatives, blood donors, secondary school students and community members.
Attitudes towards blood donation and transfusion fit a transanctionalist framework of health decision making. Deterrents to blood donation are multiple and varied. Some form of compensation is often expected, even by family members, although the blood donation is still considered 'voluntary' by the donor.
This study confirms that interventions to improve the blood supply must take into account local attitudes and conditions. In Bamenda, a variety of pragmatic approaches are required including education around specific biological misperceptions identified in the study and the retention of replacement donors as repeat donors. Issues around compensation for blood donation require further work.
本研究在喀麦隆的巴门达开展。该研究的目的是建立一个理论框架，以更好地理解当地对献血和输血的态度，确定激励和阻碍献血的因素，并确定改善巴门达地区医院输血用血供应的干预措施。
撒哈拉以南非洲的输血用血供应不足。喀麦隆没有国家血液服务机构，血液的采集和筛查由各个医院负责。在巴门达地区医院，患者亲属招募替代献血者，这些献血者可能是也可能不是家庭成员，血液短缺和输血延迟的情况经常发生。
采用定性研究方法：直接观察、深入访谈、焦点小组讨论和模拟演练。参与者包括临床和实验室工作人员、患者亲属、献血者、中学生和社区成员。
对献血和输血的态度符合健康决策的交易主义框架。献血的阻碍因素多种多样。即使是家庭成员，通常也期望得到某种形式的补偿，尽管献血者仍将献血视为“自愿”行为。
本研究证实，改善血液供应的干预措施必须考虑当地的态度和条件。在巴门达，需要采取多种务实的方法，包括围绕研究中发现的特定生物学误解进行教育，以及将替代献血者保留为重复献血者。献血补偿问题需要进一步研究。
