Veterinary Research Institute, Department of Immunology, Hudcova 70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
Poult Sci. 2019 Jun 1;98(6):2347-2353. doi: 10.3382/ps/pey594.
In this study, we addressed differences in the development of gut microbiota in 4 successive batches of commercially hatched broiler parent chickens. When planning this study, we expected to find a batch with compromised performance which would allow identification of microbiota of suboptimal composition. Microbiota composition was determined only by sequencing the V3/V4 region of 16S rRNA genes in samples collected from chickens 5 to 18 wk of age. In a total, 100 and 160 samples originating from the ileum or cecum were processed, respectively. In one of the flocks with suboptimal performance we identified an increased abundance of Helicobacter brantae forming over 80% of ileal microbiota in individual chickens. Moreover, we also tested samples of 53-wk-old hens from the same genetic line in which egg production decreased. In this case, cecal microbiota was enriched for Fusobacterium mortiferum forming over 30% of total cecal microbiota. Although none of the identified unusual microbiota members have been well recognized as pathogenic, they may represent new opportunistic pathogens of chickens worth of further investigation. Analysis of gut microbiota composition by next generation sequencing thus proved as a useful and unbiased alternative to bacterial culture, especially in the cases of unspecific symptoms like decrease in flock performance.
在这项研究中，我们研究了 4 批商业孵化肉鸡父母代鸡的肠道微生物群落的差异。在设计这项研究时，我们预计会发现一批表现不佳的鸡，从而能够鉴定出组成不佳的微生物群落。仅通过对 5 至 18 周龄鸡的样本进行 16S rRNA 基因 V3/V4 区的测序来确定微生物群落组成。总共处理了 100 个和 160 个来自回肠或盲肠的样本。在一个表现不佳的鸡群中，我们发现 Helicobacter brantae 的丰度增加，在个别鸡的回肠微生物群落中形成超过 80%。此外，我们还测试了来自同一遗传系的 53 周龄母鸡的样本，这些母鸡的产蛋量下降。在这种情况下，盲肠微生物群落富含 Fusobacterium mortiferum，占总盲肠微生物群落的 30%以上。尽管尚未明确鉴定出的异常微生物群落成员中的任何一种是致病性的，但它们可能代表值得进一步研究的鸡的新机会性病原体。通过下一代测序分析肠道微生物群落组成，因此证明了这是一种有用且无偏的细菌培养替代方法，特别是在表现不佳等非特异性症状的情况下。
