Food Science & Market Quality and Handling Research Unit, ARS, USDA, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
Math and Science Department, Andrew College, Cuthbert, GA 39840, USA.
Poult Sci. 2024 Nov;103(11):104159. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104159. Epub 2024 Aug 5.
The consumption of poultry products contaminated with Salmonella species is one of the most common causes of Salmonella infections. In vivo studies demonstrated the potential application of peanut skins (PS) as an antimicrobial poultry feed additive to help mitigate the proliferation of Salmonella in poultry environments. Tons of PS, a waste by-product of the peanut industry, are generated and disposed in U.S. landfills annually. Peanut skins and extracts have been shown to possess antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. Hence, we aimed to determine the effect of PS as a feed additive on the gut microbiota of broilers fed a control or PS supplemented (4% inclusion) diet and inoculated with or without Salmonella enterica Enteritidis (SE). At hatch 160 male broilers were randomly assigned to 4 treatments: 1) CON-control diet without SE, 2) PS-PS diet without SE, 3) CONSE-control diet with SE, 4) PSSE-PS diet with SE. On d 3, birds from CONSE and PSSE treatments were inoculated with 4.2 × 10 CFU/mL SE. At termination (4 wk), 10 birds/treatment were euthanized and ileal and cecal contents were collected for 16S rRNA analysis using standard methodologies. Sequencing data were analyzed using QIIME2. No effect of PS or SE was observed on ileal alpha and beta diversity, while evenness, richness, number of amplicon sequence variants (ASV) and Shannon, as well as beta diversity were significantly (P < 0.05) affected in ceca. Similarly, more differentially abundant taxa between treatment groups were identified in ceca than in ileum. However, more microbiota functional changes, based on the PICRUST2 prediction, were observed in ileum. Overall, relatively minor changes in microbiota were observed during SE infection and PS treatment, suggesting that PS addition may not attenuate the SE proliferation, as shown previously, through modulation of microbiota in gastrointestinal tract. However, while further studies are warranted, these results suggest that PS may potentially serve as a functional feed additive for poultry for improvement of animal health.
食用受沙门氏菌污染的家禽产品是导致沙门氏菌感染的最常见原因之一。体内研究表明，花生皮（PS）作为一种抗微生物家禽饲料添加剂具有潜在的应用前景，可以帮助减轻家禽环境中沙门氏菌的增殖。每年，美国的垃圾填埋场都会产生并处理大量的花生皮，这是花生产业的一种废物副产品。花生皮和提取物已被证明具有抗菌和抗氧化特性。因此，我们旨在确定 PS 作为饲料添加剂对喂食对照或 PS 补充（4%添加量）饮食的肉鸡肠道微生物群的影响，并接种或不接种肠炎沙门氏菌（SE）。在孵化后 160 小时，将 160 只雄性肉鸡随机分配到 4 种处理中：1）CON-无 SE 的对照饮食，2）PS-无 SE 的 PS 饮食，3）CONSE-有 SE 的对照饮食，4）PSSE-有 SE 的 PS 饮食。在第 3 天，CONSE 和 PSSE 处理组的鸟类用 4.2×10 CFU/mL SE 进行接种。在结束时（4 周），每组 10 只鸟被安乐死，并采集回肠和盲肠内容物，使用标准方法进行 16S rRNA 分析。使用 QIIME2 分析测序数据。PS 或 SE 对回肠的 alpha 和 beta 多样性没有影响，而均匀度、丰富度、扩增子序列变体（ASV）数量和 Shannon 以及 beta 多样性在盲肠中则显著（P<0.05）受到影响。同样，在盲肠中比在回肠中鉴定出更多的处理组之间差异丰度的分类群。然而，基于 PICRUST2 预测，在回肠中观察到更多的微生物功能变化。总体而言，在 SE 感染和 PS 处理期间，观察到的微生物群相对较小，这表明 PS 添加可能不会通过调节胃肠道中的微生物群来减轻 SE 的增殖，正如之前所显示的那样。然而，尽管还需要进一步的研究，但这些结果表明 PS 可能作为一种功能性饲料添加剂，用于改善家禽动物的健康。
