Genetics and Biotechnology Department, Strategic Center for Diabetes Research, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia.
Genetics and Biotechnology Department, Strategic Center for Diabetes Research, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia.
Microb Pathog. 2019 Mar;128:215-229. doi: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.01.009. Epub 2019 Jan 6.
A reciprocal relationship between oral health and systemic disease, such as type 2 diabetes, has been suggested, whereby a systemic disease is a predisposing factor for oral infection. If the infection occurs, it in turn aggravates the progression of the systemic disease. According to several studies, certain constituents of the oral microbiota are linked to diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and obesity. In the current study, we aimed to compare the microbial diversity and population structure of the oral microbiota of normoglycemic, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and diabetes patients.
The study followed a case-control design, with 15 type 2 diabetes patients, 10 IGT subjects, and 19 control subjects. All subjects underwent assessment of periodontitis and oral health. Saliva samples were collected, and DNA was isolated from these samples. Hypervariable regions of the 16Sr RNA gene were amplified and sequenced, and the generated sequences underwent bioinformatics analysis. Statistical analysis and diversity index calculations were made using the statistical software R, vegan R-package, and Past3.20 software.
Overall, 551 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were identified. Based on OTU analysis, a clear reduction of the number of species was observed in both IGT (412) and diabetes groups (372) compared with that in the normoglycemic group (502). This was associated with a similar pattern of reduction of biological diversity among the three groups. The phylogenetic diversity (PD-SBL) value in the normoglycemic group was higher than that in the diabetes group. The diabetes group exhibited the highest evenness value and the highest microbiota bacterial pathogenic content.
A clear reduction of the biological and phylogenetic diversity was apparent in the diabetes and pre-diabetes oral microbiota in comparison with that in the normoglycemic oral microbiota. However, this was associated with an increase in the pathogenic content of the hyperglycemic microbiota. The results of this study may aid to better understanding of the directionality of the mysterious reciprocal relationship.
口腔健康与 2 型糖尿病等系统性疾病之间存在相互关系，即系统性疾病是口腔感染的易患因素。如果发生感染，它会反过来加重系统性疾病的进展。根据几项研究，口腔微生物群的某些成分与糖尿病、代谢综合征和肥胖有关。在本研究中，我们旨在比较血糖正常、葡萄糖耐量受损（IGT）和糖尿病患者的口腔微生物群的微生物多样性和种群结构。
该研究采用病例对照设计，纳入 15 名 2 型糖尿病患者、10 名 IGT 受试者和 19 名对照受试者。所有受试者均接受牙周炎和口腔健康评估。采集唾液样本，从这些样本中提取 DNA。扩增和测序 16SrRNA 基因的高变区，并对生成的序列进行生物信息学分析。使用统计软件 R、vegan R 包和 Past3.20 软件进行统计分析和多样性指数计算。
总体而言，共鉴定出 551 个操作分类单元（OTU）。基于 OTU 分析，IGT（412 个）和糖尿病组（372 个）的物种数量明显减少，而血糖正常组（502 个）的物种数量减少。这与三组之间生物多样性减少的相似模式有关。血糖正常组的系统发育多样性（PD-SBL）值高于糖尿病组。糖尿病组表现出最高的均匀度值和最高的微生物群细菌致病含量。
与血糖正常的口腔微生物群相比，糖尿病和糖尿病前期的口腔微生物群的生物和系统发育多样性明显减少。然而，这与高血糖微生物群的致病含量增加有关。本研究的结果可能有助于更好地理解这种神秘的相互关系的方向性。
