Nageeb Wedad M, Abo-Elsoud Asmaa Ali Emam, Amin Mona Karem, Mahmoud Tarek Mohamed Nabil Mohamed Kamel, Abdou Noha El-Sayed Fathi
Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Preventive Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
BMC Oral Health. 2025 May 9;25(1):698. doi: 10.1186/s12903-025-06013-2.
Oral health is a key indicator of one's overall health and is vitally affected by systemic diseases. A bidirectional relationship is assumed to exist between oral health and Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Differences in oral cariogenic microbes and their relation to metabolic control show inconsistent results. Additionally, the relation between diabetes and dental caries is inconclusive. The aim of the present study is to investigate the relation of oral health to microbiologic profile in youngsters with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.
Sixty-three children were recruited including 22 diabetic children with poor glycemic control, 18 diabetic children with good glycemic control and 23 non-diabetic children. Oral health status was assessed using Caries Assessment Spectrum and Treatment (CAST) and oral hygiene index simplified (OHIS). Salivary and plaque samples were collected and microbiologically analyzed for identification and live colony counting of Mutans Streptococci, Lactobacilli, and different Candida species. The relation of different oral pathogen types and abundances with caries status and diabetes severity was assessed.
Salivary Mutans Streptococci were isolated at the rate of 82.5%, lactobacilli at the rate of 74.6%, C. albicans at the rate of 58.7%, and other Candida species collectively at the rate of 46%. The occurrence of salivary Mutans Streptococci was significantly higher in uncontrolled cases compared to healthy subjects. Salivary C. albicans occurred at a significantly lower frequency among controlled cases. C. dubliniensis and C. tropicalis occurred more frequently in the saliva of children with poor glycemic control. We observed higher counts of plaque Mutans Streptococci in children with poorer oral hygiene and poorer glycemic control. Both salivary and plaque C. albicans counts were higher in worse caries status regardless of glycemic status. Salivary Lactobacillus count appears as a marker of caries status.
Although diabetes did not show significant effect on increasing risk of dental caries, the oral microbiologic profile was different among healthy and diabetic children and was affected by the level of glycemic control.
口腔健康是一个人整体健康的关键指标，并且受到全身性疾病的重大影响。人们认为口腔健康与1型糖尿病之间存在双向关系。口腔致龋微生物的差异及其与代谢控制的关系显示出不一致的结果。此外，糖尿病与龋齿之间的关系尚无定论。本研究的目的是调查1型糖尿病青少年的口腔健康与微生物谱之间的关系。
招募了63名儿童，包括22名血糖控制不佳的糖尿病儿童、18名血糖控制良好的糖尿病儿童和23名非糖尿病儿童。使用龋病评估光谱和治疗（CAST）以及简化口腔卫生指数（OHIS）评估口腔健康状况。收集唾液和牙菌斑样本，并进行微生物学分析，以鉴定变形链球菌、乳酸菌和不同念珠菌属的活菌计数。评估不同口腔病原体类型和丰度与龋病状况和糖尿病严重程度之间的关系。
唾液中分离出变形链球菌的比例为82.5%，乳酸菌为74.6%，白色念珠菌为58.7%，其他念珠菌属合计为46%。与健康受试者相比，未控制病例中唾液变形链球菌的发生率显著更高。在控制病例中，唾液白色念珠菌的发生率显著更低。都柏林念珠菌和热带念珠菌在血糖控制不佳的儿童唾液中更频繁出现。我们观察到口腔卫生较差和血糖控制较差的儿童牙菌斑中变形链球菌计数更高。无论血糖状况如何，龋病状况较差时唾液和牙菌斑中的白色念珠菌计数均更高。唾液乳酸菌计数似乎是龋病状况的一个指标。
虽然糖尿病对增加龋齿风险没有显著影响，但健康儿童和糖尿病儿童的口腔微生物谱不同，并且受到血糖控制水平的影响。
