CSIRO Land and Water, Ecosciences Precinct, 41 Boggo Road, QLD 4102, Australia.
GeneCology Research Centre, Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QLD 4558, Australia.
Sci Total Environ. 2019 Mar 15;656:1427-1435. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.439. Epub 2018 Nov 29.
We investigated the abundance of marker genes of two fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) and eight potential pathogens in fecal samples of humans (n = 14) and 10 domestic and native wild animals (n = 134). For each target animal, between 10 and 14 individual fecal samples were collected (n = 148 individual fecal samples in total). The abundance of FIB and potential pathogens within each sample was determined using quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays. All animals tested were positive for Escherichia coli (EC) and the concentrations ranged from 6.13 (flying fox) to 8.87 (chicken) log GC/g of feces. These values for Enterococcus spp. (ENT) were 5.25 log GC/g for flying fox and 8.12 log GC/g of feces for chicken. Moderate correlations were observed between EC with P. aeruginosa, EC O157 and Cryptosporidium parvum, whereas weak correlations were observed between EC and Salmonella spp. and Giardia lamblia, Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) and Campylobacter spp. The prevalence of MAC and P. aeruginosa were low in dog (14.3% each) and moderate (57.2%, MAC; 42.9% P. aeruginosa) in Eastern grey kangaroo fecal samples. Cryptosporidium parvum was detected in one cattle and one human fecal sample, while G. lamblia was detected in one dog, one flying fox, and one pig fecal samples. Among the eight potential pathogens tested, five pathogens were detected in chicken and dog fecal samples. The remaining animal species contained up to three potential pathogens in their feces. The data generated in this study may aid in the calculation of pathogen loads in the environment, and hence to assess the risks from human and animal fecal contamination of source waters.
我们调查了人类（n=14）和 10 种家养和本地野生动物（n=134）粪便样本中两种粪便指示菌（FIB）和 8 种潜在病原体的标记基因丰度。对于每种目标动物，收集了 10 到 14 个个体粪便样本（总共收集了 148 个个体粪便样本）。使用定量 PCR（qPCR）检测每个样本中的 FIB 和潜在病原体的丰度。所有测试的动物均呈大肠杆菌（EC）阳性，浓度范围为 6.13（果蝠）至 8.87（鸡）log GC/g 粪便。肠球菌属（ENT）的这些值为 5.25 log GC/g 为果蝠，8.12 log GC/g 为鸡。观察到 EC 与铜绿假单胞菌、EC O157 和微小隐孢子虫之间存在中度相关性，而 EC 与沙门氏菌属和贾第鞭毛虫、鸟分枝杆菌复合体（MAC）和弯曲菌属之间存在弱相关性。MAC 和铜绿假单胞菌在犬中的流行率较低（各为 14.3%），在东部灰袋鼠粪便样本中中度流行（MAC 为 57.2%，铜绿假单胞菌为 42.9%）。在一个牛和一个人粪便样本中检测到微小隐孢子虫，在一个狗、一个果蝠和一个猪粪便样本中检测到贾第鞭毛虫。在测试的 8 种潜在病原体中，有 5 种病原体在鸡和犬粪便样本中检测到。其余动物物种的粪便中最多含有三种潜在病原体。本研究中生成的数据可能有助于计算环境中的病原体负荷，从而评估人类和动物粪便污染水源的风险。
