Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-A, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
Department of Surgery, Hospital de la Vega Lorenzo Guirao, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2020;60(6):1038-1047. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1556579. Epub 2019 Jan 11.
Circadian system is comprised by central circadian pacemaker and several peripheral clocks that receive information from the external environment, synchronizing the circadian clocks. It is widely known that physiology is rhythmic and that the rupture of this rhythmicity can generate serious consequences. Circadian clocks, led by suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in the central nervous system, are the responsible for generating this biological rhythmicity. These clocks are affected by external signals such as light (changes between day and night) and feeding rhythms. In this review, the basic principles of the circadian system and current knowledge of biological clocks are addressed, analyzing the relationship between circadian system, food intake, nutrition, and associated metabolic processes. In addition, the consequences occurring when these systems are not well coordinated with each other, such as the development of cardiovascular and metabolic pathologies, will be thoroughly discussed.
生物钟系统由中央生物钟起搏器和几个从外部环境接收信息的外周时钟组成，这些时钟同步生物钟。众所周知，生理是有节奏的，而这种节奏的破坏会产生严重的后果。由中枢神经系统的视交叉上核 (SCN) 领导的生物钟负责产生这种生物节律。这些时钟受到外部信号的影响，如光（昼夜变化）和进食节律。在这篇综述中，我们探讨了生物钟系统的基本原理和当前对生物钟的认识，分析了生物钟系统与食物摄入、营养和相关代谢过程之间的关系。此外，还将深入讨论当这些系统之间不能很好地协调时会发生的后果，如心血管和代谢性疾病的发展。
