Fiorentin Taís Regina, Fogarty Melissa, Limberger Renata Pereira, Logan Barry Kerr
The Center for Forensic Science Research and Education (CFSRE), 2300 Stratford Ave, Willow Grove, PA 19090, USA.
The Center for Forensic Science Research and Education (CFSRE), 2300 Stratford Ave, Willow Grove, PA 19090, USA.
Forensic Sci Int. 2019 Feb;295:199-206. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2018.12.016. Epub 2018 Dec 26.
Cocaine is usually sold as a white powder and can contain several adulterants and diluents, known as cutting agents. The cutting agents play an important role in the identification of trafficking routes, and they can also modify or intensify signs and symptoms of drug intoxication increasing the risk to the health's user. The purpose of this work was to quantify cocaine and cutting agents in 116 illicit samples from NMS Labs, Willow Grove, PA, U.S. Gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and handle-portable gas chromatography toroidal ion trap mass spectrometry (GC-TMS) were used as screening methods A liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the quantification of cocaine, levamisole, benzocaine, phenacetin, hydroxyzine, theophylline, diltiazem, acetaminophen and caffeine. Cocaine-d3 and caffeine-d3 were used as internal standards. The method was shown to be precise, accurate and linear over a range of 50-2000ng/mL for all analytes. Cocaine was the only detected compound in 16.37% (n=19) of the samples. Between the identified cutting agents, levamisole was the most abundant substance found (79.31% of the total samples, amounts ranging from 0.2 to 74.3%), followed by phenacetin (18.96%, 0.3-46.8%), caffeine (12.06%, 0.2-32.2%), hydroxyzine (9.48%, 0.7-13.8%) and benzocaine (5.17%, 0.4-58.3%). GC-TMS was considered suitable to be used as a tool in forensic analysis as a screening method for cocaine, benzocaine, phenacetin, hydroxyzine and caffeine with restrictions to be used for levamisole, while GC-MS presented good results in screening analysis for cocaine, levamisole, benzocaine, phenacetin, hydroxyzine and caffeine.
可卡因通常以白色粉末形式出售，可能含有多种掺杂物和稀释剂，即所谓的“掺假剂”。掺假剂在识别贩毒路线中起着重要作用，它们还可能改变或加剧药物中毒的体征和症状，增加使用者的健康风险。本研究的目的是对来自美国宾夕法尼亚州威洛格罗夫市NMS实验室的116份非法样本中的可卡因和掺假剂进行定量分析。采用气相色谱 - 质谱联用仪（GC-MS）和手持式气相色谱环形离子阱质谱仪（GC-TMS）作为筛查方法。开发并验证了一种液相色谱串联质谱法（LC-MS/MS），用于定量分析可卡因、左旋咪唑、苯佐卡因、非那西丁、羟嗪、茶碱、地尔硫卓、对乙酰氨基酚和咖啡因。使用可卡因 - d3和咖啡因 - d3作为内标。结果表明，该方法对所有分析物在50 - ～2000ng/mL范围内具有精密度高、准确性好和线性关系良好的特点。在16.37%（n = 19）的样本中，可卡因是唯一检测到的化合物。在所鉴定出的掺假剂中，左旋咪唑是含量最高的物质（占总样本的79.31%，含量范围为0.2%至74.3%），其次是非那西丁（18.96%，0.3%至46.8%）、咖啡因（12.06%，0.2%至32.2%）、羟嗪（9.48%，0.7%至13.8%）和苯佐卡因（5.17%，0.4%至58.3%）。GC-TMS被认为适合作为法医分析工具，作为可卡因、苯佐卡因、非那西丁、羟嗪和咖啡因的筛查方法，但用于左旋咪唑时存在限制，而GC-MS在可卡因、左旋咪唑、苯佐卡因、非那西丁、羟嗪和咖啡因的筛查分析中表现良好。
