特邀综述：长非编码 RNA：在中枢神经系统的发育、功能和疾病中的重要调控因子。
Invited Review: Long non-coding RNAs: important regulators in the development, function and disorders of the central nervous system.
机构信息
The Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, UT Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.
出版信息
Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol. 2019 Oct;45(6):538-556. doi: 10.1111/nan.12541. Epub 2019 Mar 4.
Genome-wide transcriptional studies have demonstrated that tens of thousands of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) genes are expressed in the central nervous system (CNS) and that they exhibit tissue- and cell-type specificity. Their regulated and dynamic expression and their co-expression with protein-coding gene neighbours have led to the study of the functions of lncRNAs in CNS development and disorders. In this review, we describe the general characteristics, localization and classification of lncRNAs. We also elucidate the examples of the molecular mechanisms of nuclear and cytoplasmic lncRNA actions in the CNS and discuss common experimental approaches used to identify and unveil the functions of lncRNAs. Additionally, we provide examples of lncRNA studies of cell differentiation and CNS disorders including CNS injuries and neurodegenerative diseases. Finally, we review novel lncRNA-based therapies. Overall, this review highlights the important biological roles of lncRNAs in CNS functions and disorders.
全基因组转录组研究表明，数以万计的长非编码 RNA（lncRNA）基因在中枢神经系统（CNS）中表达，并且它们表现出组织和细胞类型特异性。它们的调节和动态表达以及与蛋白质编码基因邻居的共表达，导致了 lncRNA 在 CNS 发育和疾病中的功能研究。在这篇综述中，我们描述了 lncRNA 的一般特征、定位和分类。我们还阐明了核和细胞质 lncRNA 在中枢神经系统中的作用的分子机制的例子，并讨论了用于鉴定和揭示 lncRNA 功能的常用实验方法。此外，我们提供了细胞分化和中枢神经系统疾病（包括中枢神经系统损伤和神经退行性疾病）的 lncRNA 研究的例子。最后，我们综述了基于 lncRNA 的新型治疗方法。总的来说，这篇综述强调了 lncRNA 在中枢神经系统功能和疾病中的重要生物学作用。
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