Haseltine W A
Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115.
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr (1988). 1988;1(3):217-40.
Some of the major features of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome may be understood in terms of the characteristics of the virus. Life-long infection is a consequence of the life cycle of retroviruses, the formation of stably integrated viral genetic information into host-cell DNA. The silent infection, controlled replication, and profile replication may be understood in terms of the interactions of the positive and negative regulatory genes that control virus growth. Selective infectivity and selective cytotoxicity of HIV-1 are primarily the consequences of the properties of the envelope glycoprotein and its interactions with the surface CD4 molecule. The ability of HIV-1 to enter a state of prolific replication in the presence of an antiviral immune response is largely attributed to the design of the outside of the virus. The functional domains of the envelope glycoprotein are not accessible to the immune system and other regions appear to be covered by a dense cloud of sugar molecules. Concealment of the virus by regulated growth, by budding to the interior surfaces of macrophages as well as concealment by a sugar coating, may help to explain the failure to protect chimpanzees from infection by candidate vaccines. Rapid medical prophylaxis is required in populations that currently experience high incidence of HIV-1 infection. Chemoprevention, the use of chemicals to prevent establishment of viral infection, in addition to vaccination should be investigated as means to control the AIDS epidemic.
获得性免疫缺陷综合征的一些主要特征可以从该病毒的特性方面来理解。终身感染是逆转录病毒生命周期的结果，即病毒遗传信息稳定整合到宿主细胞DNA中。隐匿性感染、受控复制和程序性复制可以通过控制病毒生长的正负调节基因之间的相互作用来理解。HIV-1的选择性感染性和选择性细胞毒性主要是包膜糖蛋白特性及其与表面CD4分子相互作用的结果。HIV-1在抗病毒免疫反应存在的情况下进入大量复制状态的能力很大程度上归因于病毒的外部结构。包膜糖蛋白的功能域免疫系统无法触及，而其他区域似乎被一层密集的糖分子云所覆盖。通过调节生长、出芽到巨噬细胞内表面以及糖被掩盖来隐匿病毒，这可能有助于解释为什么候选疫苗无法保护黑猩猩免受感染。目前HIV-1感染发病率高的人群需要快速的医学预防措施。除了疫苗接种外，还应研究化学预防，即使用化学物质防止病毒感染的建立，以此作为控制艾滋病流行的手段。
