Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University and King Khalid University Hospital, P.O Box 2925, Riyadh, 11461, Saudi Arabia.
J Adolesc. 2019 Feb;71:63-71. doi: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2018.12.007. Epub 2019 Jan 14.
Puberty is a physiological event involving the attainment of reproductive capability and complete development of sexual and physical organs. Changing from childhood to adulthood is a complex process and is tightly controlled by interconnection pathways at the level of the hypothalamus which can be influenced by environmental, psychosocial, and endocrine factors. Although various mechanisms underlying the onset of normal puberty have been investigated in humans and animals, the exact molecular mechanisms thereof remain unclear. The aim of this review is to summarize the current state of knowledge and provide a synoptic overview about the physiology of puberty in adolescent boys and girls, and describe pathological disorders affecting its onset.
青春期是一个涉及获得生殖能力和性器官及身体器官完全发育的生理事件。从儿童期到成年期的转变是一个复杂的过程，受到下丘脑层面的相互连接通路的严格控制，这些通路可能受到环境、社会心理和内分泌因素的影响。尽管人类和动物的正常青春期开始的各种机制已经被研究过，但确切的分子机制仍不清楚。本综述的目的是总结目前的知识状况，并提供关于青春期男孩和女孩的生理学的概述，并描述影响其开始的病理障碍。
