The Environmental Research Institute, MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, N.T., Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
The Environmental Research Institute, MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2019 Apr 10;660:358-365. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.049. Epub 2019 Jan 7.
Steroid hormones and biocides are regarded as emerging contaminants in rural wastewater in China, owing to their widespread occurrence and adverse effects on both aquatic organisms and humans. Constructed wetlands (CWs) are an alternative technology for cost-effective and efficient decentralized rural sewage treatment. In this study, an integrated constructed wetland (ICW) system was built and used to treat a typical rural wastewater mixture composed of domestic sewage and livestock wastewater from a small village. As expected, five steroid hormones (ADD, AED, 19-NTD, T, and P) and four biocides (DEET, TCS, CBD, and MP) were detected in the influent in concentrations ranging from 30.5 ± 1.25 ng/L to 105 ± 5.14 ng/L and from 63.4 ± 2.85 ng/L to 515 ± 19.7 ng/L, respectively. The ICW system effectively removed the detected steroid hormones (97.4 ± 0.09%) and biocides (92.4 ± 0.54%). Based on the measured concentrations, the total pollution loadings of the detected steroid hormones and biocides in the influent were calculated to be 2330 ± 26.5 μg/day and 5710 ± 196 μg/day, which decreased to 60.8 ± 1.44 μg/day and 433 ± 25.6 μg/day in the final effluent. The risk quotients for these steroid hormones and biocides in the effluent from the ICW system were lower than those from reported wastewater treatment plants, indicating that CWs are a promising technology for removing contaminants including steroid hormones and biocides in rural wastewater, although additional efforts are required to optimize and improve the design of CWs before the steroid hormones and biocides present in the effluent can be safely and directly discharged into the environment.
甾体激素和杀生剂被认为是中国农村废水中的新兴污染物，因为它们广泛存在，并对水生生物和人类都有不良影响。人工湿地（CWs）是一种具有成本效益和高效的分散式农村污水处理替代技术。在这项研究中，构建了一个集成人工湿地（ICW）系统，并用于处理由一个小村庄的生活污水和牲畜污水组成的典型农村污水混合物。不出所料，在进水口检测到五种甾体激素（ADD、AED、19-NTD、T 和 P）和四种杀生剂（DEET、TCS、CBD 和 MP），浓度范围分别为 30.5±1.25ng/L 至 105±5.14ng/L 和 63.4±2.85ng/L 至 515±19.7ng/L。ICW 系统有效地去除了检测到的甾体激素（97.4±0.09%）和杀生剂（92.4±0.54%）。根据测量的浓度，进水口检测到的甾体激素和杀生剂的总污染负荷计算为 2330±26.5μg/天和 5710±196μg/天，在最终出水口减少到 60.8±1.44μg/天和 433±25.6μg/天。从 ICW 系统中流出的这些甾体激素和杀生剂的风险商数低于报告的废水处理厂中的风险商数，这表明 CWs 是一种有前途的技术，可以去除农村废水中的甾体激素和杀生剂等污染物，尽管需要进一步努力优化和改进 CWs 的设计，才能将流出物中的甾体激素和杀生剂安全且直接排放到环境中。
