School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Eco-Remediation of Guangdong Regular Higher Education Institutions, PR China.
Sci Total Environ. 2019 Apr 10;660:603-610. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.390. Epub 2018 Dec 27.
The precise population estimation, short-term or real-time, is crucial to social and civil management, such as public resource distribution, education budgets, health care, and public safety. In this paper, we reviewed the methods for estimation of real-time population. For real-time population estimation, especially for a certain wastewater treatment plant catchment, many water quality indicators and biomarkers were selected as potential markers and their stability, consumption coefficient, and uncertainty were assessed. The conventional water quality indicators, such as wastewater discharge volume, chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand, ammonia nitrogen, and total phosphorus, were used to calculate the serving population within a WWTP catchment. These parameters are all affected by the behavior, living habits and health conditions of people in different regions. Among them, wastewater discharge volume and ammonia might be more suitable for population estimation than the other parameters which may be influenced by additional industrial discharge. Moreover, acesulfame could be used to estimate the general population, while caffeine, tobacco, and carbamazepine could be applied as biomarkers for a specific population. Furthermore, the per capita loading differ should be considered and measured independently. To reduce the uncertainty of population, comprehensive model with multi-parameters should be developed and applicability should be checked.
精确的人口估计，无论是短期还是实时的，对于社会和民政管理都至关重要，如公共资源分配、教育预算、医疗保健和公共安全。本文综述了实时人口估计的方法。对于实时人口估计，特别是对于特定的污水处理厂集水区，我们选择了许多水质指标和生物标志物作为潜在的标记物，并评估了它们的稳定性、消耗系数和不确定性。传统的水质指标，如污水排放量、化学需氧量、生化需氧量、氨氮和总磷，用于计算污水处理厂集水区内的服务人口。这些参数都受到不同地区人群行为、生活习惯和健康状况的影响。其中，污水排放量和氨氮可能比其他可能受到额外工业排放影响的参数更适合人口估计。此外，乙酰磺胺酸钾可用于估计一般人群，而咖啡因、烟草和卡马西平可作为特定人群的生物标志物。此外，应考虑并单独测量人均负荷差异。为了降低人口不确定性，应开发具有多参数的综合模型，并检查其适用性。
