Division of Thoracic Surgery and Interventional Pulmonology, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.
Section of Interventional Pulmonology, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland.
Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2018 Dec;39(6):731-746. doi: 10.1055/s-0038-1676574. Epub 2019 Jan 14.
Benign central airway obstruction (CAO) is responsible for significant morbidity due to dyspnea and impaired quality of life. While iatrogenic causes, including stenosis after endotracheal intubation, tracheostomy tube placement, and surgery, account for the majority of cases of benign CAO, there are a multitude of other causes including infections, inflammatory disorders, extrinsic compression, benign endobronchial tumors, and tracheobronchomalacia. The approach to management depends on the underlying process responsible for the disorder and may include systemic therapy, endoscopic therapy, and surgery. In this review, we aim to provide a general overview of the presentation, evaluation, and management of nonmalignant CAO followed by a more in-depth review of several of the more common causes of this disorder.
良性中央气道阻塞（CAO）可导致呼吸困难和生活质量受损，从而引起较高的发病率。虽然医源性原因（包括气管插管、气管切开管放置和手术后狭窄）占良性 CAO 的大多数病例，但还有许多其他原因，包括感染、炎症性疾病、外在压迫、良性支气管内肿瘤和气管支气管软化。管理方法取决于导致疾病的潜在过程，可能包括系统治疗、内镜治疗和手术。在这篇综述中，我们旨在提供对非恶性 CAO 的表现、评估和管理的一般概述，然后对该疾病的一些更常见原因进行更深入的回顾。
