Al-Eitan Laith N, Aljamal Hanan A, Alkhatib Rami Q
Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan,
Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan,
Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2018 Dec 31;12:11-21. doi: 10.2147/CCID.S190359. eCollection 2019.
Sunscreens are one of the most widely used products among cosmetics and personal care products. Recent studies have shown that some of sunscreen formulations may contain toxic, carcinogenic, or even nonallowed chemicals that may affect skin, cells, and hormones.
This study aimed to develop and validate a method that allows the determination of sunscreen ingredients by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Analysis of original sunscreen products (n=5) from a licensed pharmacy and counterfeit sunscreen products (n=5) from local markets in Jordan was performed using GC-MS. pH stability of the sunscreen samples were also monitored under different storage temperatures. Topical application of sunscreens on mice skin was conducted to study their effects on liver and kidney enzymes' function.
In terms of pH stability, there is a significant change in pH at different degrees of temperature between the products. Diethyl phthalate (DEP) was detected in two counterfeit products and was not mentioned on the ingredients' label. DEP was reported for its percutaneous absorption and systemic uptake in the literature. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were significantly increased with a <0.005 in some groups treated with original sunscreens under sun radiation. Creatinine showed a significant decrease in some groups treated with original and counterfeit sunscreens, while blood urea nitrogen (BUN) showed no differences.
This study presents a method that allows the scanning and profiling of sunscreen ingredients as well as investigates their stability, permeation, and toxicity. Profiling of sunscreen product, changing in pH stability, and analyzing kidney and liver enzymes' level would be of a great impact on products' safety and consumers' health.
防晒霜是化妆品和个人护理产品中使用最广泛的产品之一。最近的研究表明，一些防晒霜配方可能含有有毒、致癌甚至禁用的化学物质，这些物质可能会影响皮肤、细胞和激素。
本研究旨在开发并验证一种通过气相色谱 - 质谱联用仪（GC-MS）测定防晒成分的方法。使用GC-MS对约旦一家持牌药店的原装防晒产品（n = 5）和当地市场的假冒防晒产品（n = 5）进行了分析。还监测了防晒样品在不同储存温度下的pH稳定性。将防晒霜局部涂抹于小鼠皮肤，以研究其对肝脏和肾脏酶功能的影响。
在pH稳定性方面，不同产品在不同温度下pH有显著变化。在两种假冒产品中检测到邻苯二甲酸二乙酯（DEP），但其未在成分标签上提及。文献报道DEP具有经皮吸收和全身摄取的特性。在阳光照射下，一些使用原装防晒霜处理的组中，丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）和天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）显著升高（P<0.005）。一些使用原装和假冒防晒霜处理的组中肌酐显著降低，而血尿素氮（BUN）无差异。
本研究提出了一种能够对防晒成分进行扫描和分析的方法，并研究了它们的稳定性、渗透性和毒性。对防晒产品进行分析、监测pH稳定性变化以及分析肝肾酶水平，将对产品安全性和消费者健康产生重大影响。
