Chronic Diseases Research Unit, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, 99 Moo 9 Tambon Tha Pho, Muang Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand.
Curr Pharm Des. 2018;24(40):4726-4741. doi: 10.2174/1381612825666190115121531.
Oxidative stress is caused by free radicals or oxidant productions, including lipid peroxidation, protein modification, DNA damage and apoptosis or cell death and results in cellular degeneration and neurodegeneration from damage to macromolecules.
Accumulation of the DNA damage (8HOdG) products and the end products of LPO (including aldehyde, diene, triene conjugates and Schiff's bases) were noted in the research studies. Significantly higher levels of these products in comparison with the controls were observed. Oxidative stress induced changes to ocular cells and tissues. Typical changes include ECM accumulation, cell dysfunction, cell death, advanced senescence, disarrangement or rearrangement of the cytoskeleton and released inflammatory cytokines. It is involved in ocular diseases, including keratoconus, Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy, and granular corneal dystrophy type 2, cataract, age-related macular degeneration, primary open-angle glaucoma, retinal light damage, and retinopathy of prematurity. These ocular diseases are the cause of irreversible blindness worldwide.
Oxidative stress, inflammation and autophagy are implicated in biochemical and morphological changes in these ocular tissues. The development of therapy is a major target for the management care of these ocular diseases.
氧化应激是由自由基或氧化剂产生引起的，包括脂质过氧化、蛋白质修饰、DNA 损伤和细胞凋亡或死亡，导致细胞退化和神经退行性变，从而损伤大分子。
在研究中观察到 DNA 损伤（8HOdG）产物和 LPO 终产物（包括醛、二烯、三烯共轭物和希夫碱）的积累。与对照组相比，这些产物的水平明显更高。氧化应激诱导眼细胞和组织发生变化。典型的变化包括 ECM 积累、细胞功能障碍、细胞死亡、衰老进展、细胞骨架排列或重排以及释放炎症细胞因子。它涉及眼部疾病，包括圆锥角膜、Fuchs 内皮角膜营养不良和 2 型颗粒状角膜营养不良、白内障、年龄相关性黄斑变性、原发性开角型青光眼、视网膜光损伤和早产儿视网膜病变。这些眼部疾病是全球不可逆转失明的原因。
氧化应激、炎症和自噬与这些眼部组织的生化和形态变化有关。开发治疗方法是这些眼部疾病治疗管理的主要目标。
