Mahdihassan S
Am J Chin Med. 1988;16(1-2):83-6. doi: 10.1142/S0192415X88000145.
The theory generally accepted maintains that Alchemy arose at Alexandria as a child of Greek culture. It has two names, Chemeia as the earlier and Chumeia as the later. There is another theory that Alchemy arose in China. Its founder was the aged ascetic who longed after drugs of longevity. He first tried jade, next gold and cinnabar, but the ideal was a drug which was red like cinnabar and fire-proof like gold. But what was actually prepared was red colloidal gold or "calcined gold," by grinding gold granules in a decoction of an herb of longevity. It was called Chin-I; Chin = gold and I = plant juice. In Fukin dialect Chin-I = Kim-Iya. This was Arabicized, by pre-Islamic Arabs trading in silk with China, as Kimiya, whence arose Al-Kimiya and finally Al-chemy. It was first accepted by Bucharic speaking Copts in Egypt who transliterated Kimiya = Chemeia, pronouncing it as the Arabs did. With the increase of trade in silk the Chinese also went to Alexandria and helped the Greeks to translate Chin-I as Chrusozomion meaning, gold (making) ferment, instead of gold making plant juice. Consistent with this origin of the word Chemeia is the fact that the earlier Alchemists were not Greeks but probably Bucharic speaks Copts or Egyptians. The consumer of Chin-I or Chemeia became "a drug-made immortal" called Chin-Jen, Golden-Man. This was translated into Greek as Chrusanthropos. Thus the etymoloogy of two Greek words Chrusozomion and Chrusanthropos support the origin of the loan word, Chemeia as Chinese. To save space it is not proposed to discuss the origin of Chumeia.
普遍接受的理论认为,炼金术起源于亚历山大港,是希腊文化的产物。它有两个名字,早期叫Chemeia,后期叫Chumeia。另一种理论认为炼金术起源于中国。其创始人是一位渴望长生不老药的年迈苦行者。他先是尝试了玉石,接着是黄金和朱砂,但理想的是一种像朱砂一样红且像黄金一样耐火的药物。但实际上制备的是红色胶态金或“煅金”,方法是在一种长寿草药的煎剂中研磨金粒。它被称为“金液”;“金”=黄金,“液”=植物汁液。在福建方言中“金液”=“Kim-Iya”。这被前伊斯兰时期与中国进行丝绸贸易的阿拉伯人阿拉伯化,变成了Kimiya,由此产生了Al-Kimiya,最终演变成了Al-chemy。它首先被埃及讲布哈里语的科普特人接受,他们将Kimiya音译为Chemeia,并按照阿拉伯人的发音来读。随着丝绸贸易的增加,中国人也前往亚历山大港,并帮助希腊人将“金液”翻译为Chrusozomion,意思是“造金发酵剂”,而不是“造金植物汁液”。与Chemeia这个词的起源相一致的事实是,早期的炼金术士不是希腊人,而可能是讲布哈里语的科普特人或埃及人。“金液”或Chemeia的使用者变成了被称为“金人”的“服用药物而成的不朽者”。这被翻译成希腊语为Chrusanthropos(金身之人)。因此,两个希腊词Chrusozomion和Chrusanthropos的词源支持了外来词Chemeia源自中文的观点。为节省篇幅,这里不打算讨论Chumeia的起源。