Ayed-Slama Olfa, Bouhaouel Imen, Chamekh Zoubeir, Trifa Youssef, Sahli Ali, Ben Aissa Nadhira, Slim-Amara Hajer
University of Carthage, National Agronomic Institute of Tunisia, Department of Agronomy and Plant Biotechnology, Genetics and Cereal Breeding Laboratory, 43 Charles Nicolle Street, 1082 - Tunis Mahragene, Tunisia.
J Genet Eng Biotechnol. 2018 Jun;16(1):161-167. doi: 10.1016/j.jgeb.2017.11.004. Epub 2017 Dec 1.
Agriculture has new challenges against the climate change: the preservation of genetic resources and the rapid creation of new varieties better adapted to abiotic stress, specially salinity. In this context, the agronomic performance of 25 durum wheat ( subsp. Desf.) genotypes (nineteen landraces and six improved varieties), cultivated in two semi-arid regions in the center area of Tunisia, were assessed. These sites (Echbika, 2.2 g l; Barrouta, 4.2 g l) differ by their degree of salinity of the water irrigation. The results showed that most of the agronomic traits (e.g. spike per meter square, thousand kernels weight and grain yield) were reduced by salinity. Durum wheat landraces, Mahmoudi and Hmira, and improved varieties, Maali and Om Rabia showed the widest adaptability to different quality of irrigation water. Genotypes including Jneh Kotifa and Arbi were estimated as stable genotypes under adverse conditions. Thereafter, salt-tolerant (Hmira and Jneh Khotifa) and the most cultivated high-yielding (Karim, Razzak and Khiar) genotypes were tested for their gynogenetic ability to obtain haploids and doubled haploid lines. Genotypes with good induction capacity had not necessarily a good capacity of regeneration of haploid plantlets. In our conditions, Hmira and Khiar exhibited the best gynogenetic ability (3.1% and 2.9% of haploid plantlets, respectively).
保护遗传资源以及快速培育更适应非生物胁迫（特别是盐分胁迫）的新品种。在此背景下，对在突尼斯中部两个半干旱地区种植的25个硬粒小麦（亚种Desf.）基因型（19个地方品种和6个改良品种）的农艺性能进行了评估。这些地点（埃奇比卡，2.2克/升；巴鲁塔，4.2克/升）的灌溉水盐度不同。结果表明，大多数农艺性状（如每平方米穗数、千粒重和籽粒产量）因盐分而降低。硬粒小麦地方品种马哈穆迪和赫米拉以及改良品种马阿利和奥姆·拉比亚对不同质量的灌溉水表现出最广泛的适应性。包括杰内·科蒂法和阿尔比在内的基因型被估计为在不利条件下的稳定基因型。此后，对耐盐基因型（赫米拉和杰内·霍蒂法）和种植最多的高产基因型（卡里姆、拉扎克和基阿尔）进行了雌核发育能力测试，以获得单倍体和双单倍体系。具有良好诱导能力的基因型不一定具有良好的单倍体植株再生能力。在我们的条件下，赫米拉和基阿尔表现出最佳的雌核发育能力（分别为单倍体植株的3.1%和2.9%）。
