Pirana Sulene, Oliveira Marcela, Pissini Fabiana, Andrade Raíssa
Department of Otorhinolaringology, Hospital Universitário São Francisco de Assis, Bragança Paulista, SP, Brazil.
Faculty of Medicine, Universidade São Francisco, Bragança Paulista, SP, Brazil.
Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2019 Jan;23(1):25-30. doi: 10.1055/s-0038-1660775. Epub 2018 Jul 25.
Feeding, swallowing and breathing are fundamental activities for the survival and well-being of humans; these functions are performed by the most complex neuromuscular unit of the human body, which, when altered, may raise morbidity and mortality rates. To evaluate deglutition in patients with mental disability in order to determine the incidence and the severity of dysphagia. A total of 189 institutionalized adult patients with mental disability were analyzed using a 3.2 mm flexible fiberscope (Machida, Japan 1995). The following food consistencies were tested: pasty, thickened liquid and liquid. Among the total of 189 patients, 101 (53.4%) were female aged between 14 and 55 years old. Most of them 120 (63.5%) had profound mental deficiency, 58 (30.7%) had severe mental deficiency, 9 (4.8%) had moderate mental deficiency, and 2 (1.1%) had mild mental deficiency. Gender and the degree of mental deficiency did not influence significantly the degree of dysphagia. Age, degree of disability and interaction between age groups and degrees of disability influenced significantly the degree of dysphagia. Younger patients are more likely to present more severe dysphagia. Stabilization occurs between 31 and 40 years of age, and above this age, a greater chance of less severe dysphagia, because the increase in the degree of mental deficiency decreases the probability of more severe dysphagia. The population that mostly presented severe dysphagia was characterized by being mostly female, with profound mental deficiency, with an average age of 36.7 years. There was no relationship between gender and the degree of mental disability concerning the degree of dysphagia.
进食、吞咽和呼吸是人类生存和健康的基本活动；这些功能由人体最复杂的神经肌肉单元执行，一旦该单元发生改变，可能会提高发病率和死亡率。
为评估智障患者的吞咽情况，以确定吞咽困难的发生率和严重程度。
使用一台3.2毫米的柔性纤维内窥镜（日本牧田公司，1995年）对189名入住机构的成年智障患者进行了分析。测试了以下食物黏稠度：糊状、增稠液体和液体。
在这189名患者中，101名（53.4%）为女性，年龄在14至55岁之间。其中大多数120名（63.5%）有严重智力缺陷，58名（30.7%）有重度智力缺陷，9名（4.8%）有中度智力缺陷，2名（1.1%）有轻度智力缺陷。性别和智力缺陷程度对吞咽困难程度没有显著影响。年龄、残疾程度以及年龄组与残疾程度之间的相互作用对吞咽困难程度有显著影响。较年轻的患者更有可能出现更严重的吞咽困难。在31至40岁之间吞咽困难程度趋于稳定，超过这个年龄，出现不太严重吞咽困难的可能性更大，因为智力缺陷程度的增加会降低出现更严重吞咽困难的概率。
最常出现严重吞咽困难的人群主要为女性，有严重智力缺陷，平均年龄为36.7岁。在吞咽困难程度方面，性别与智力残疾程度之间没有关联。
