Olczak-Kowalczyk Dorota, Gozdowski Dariusz, Kaczmarek Urszula
Oral Health Prev Dent. 2019;17(2):139-146. doi: 10.3290/j.ohpd.a42373.
To assess caries prevalence and periodontal condition in adolescents in Poland and investigate the factors related to oral health.
A national survey was carried out among 615 15-year-olds of both sexes living in urban and rural areas. Subjects were selected via cluster sampling. The mean DMFT and its components, the tooth distribution pattern of caries and percentage of subjects with gingival bleeding and gingival pockets were analysed. The information regarding sociodemographic, oral hygiene and nutritional variables was collected via questionnaire to evaluate their relationships with caries and periodontal parameters. The t-test, bivariate and multivariate logistic analyses were conducted to evaluate the differences and dependent variables of caries prevalence and gingivitis.
Caries prevalence was 94.0%, and DMFT was 5.75 ± 3.74. Higher DMFT, DT and MT values were found in rural areas. 50% of the subjects carried about 75% of the total caries burden. Severe caries (DMFT ≥7) was associated with toothbrushing less than twice a day, not using a fluoridated dentifrice, frequent consumption of snacks and absence of pit-and-fissure sealants. The prevalence of gingival bleeding was 37.4% and shallow pockets 2.8%, which were higher in males and rural areas. Gingival bleeding was associated with toothbrushing less than a twice a day, not using dental floss and consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables less than once a week.
The prevalence of oral diseases in Poland is very high. Additional strategies must be implemented to promote oral health early on to improve oral hygiene practices and nutritional habits.
评估波兰青少年的龋齿患病率和牙周状况，并调查与口腔健康相关的因素。
对居住在城乡的615名15岁青少年进行了一项全国性调查。通过整群抽样选择受试者。分析了平均龋失补指数（DMFT）及其组成部分、龋齿的牙齿分布模式以及牙龈出血和牙龈袋患者的百分比。通过问卷调查收集有关社会人口统计学、口腔卫生和营养变量的信息，以评估它们与龋齿和牙周参数的关系。进行了t检验、双变量和多变量逻辑分析，以评估龋齿患病率和牙龈炎的差异及相关变量。
龋齿患病率为94.0%，DMFT为5.75±3.74。农村地区的DMFT、龋失牙数（DT）和补牙数（MT）值更高。50%的受试者承担了约总龋齿负担的75%。重度龋齿（DMFT≥7）与每天刷牙少于两次、不使用含氟牙膏、经常吃零食以及没有窝沟封闭剂有关。牙龈出血的患病率为37.4%，浅牙周袋患病率为2.8%，男性和农村地区的患病率更高。牙龈出血与每天刷牙少于两次、不使用牙线以及每周食用新鲜水果和蔬菜少于一次有关。
波兰口腔疾病的患病率非常高。必须实施额外的策略，尽早促进口腔健康，以改善口腔卫生习惯和营养习惯。
