Battjes R J, Leukefeld C G, Pickens R W, Haverkos H W
National Institute on Drug Abuse, Rockville, Maryland.
Bull Narc. 1988;40(1):21-34.
Intravenous drug abusers constitute 25 per cent of the cases of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in adults in the United States of America and 21 per cent of such cases in Europe. The potential for the rapid spread of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among intravenous drug abusers exists because such drug abusers commonly share drug injection equipment. The heterosexual and perinatal spread of AIDS is also largely associated with intravenous drug abusers, and drug abusers have been identified as a major vector for the spread of the AIDS epidemic as it is associated with intravenous drug abuse. As long as intravenous drug abusers are addicted, they will continue to be at risk of contracting AIDS. Thus, the primary AIDS prevention strategy must be to help addicts to stop using drugs. It is suggested that drug abuse treatment resources should be expanded and outreach programmes developed to encourage more intravenous drug abusers to enter treatment. AIDS risk-reduction counseling must also be provided to intravenous drug abusers who continue injecting drugs, and to addicts and their sexual partners to prevent the sexual spread of HIV. Vigorous AIDS prevention initiatives must be undertaken now, using the most promising intervention strategies, while simultaneously evaluating and refining these strategies.
在美国，静脉注射吸毒者占成年艾滋病病例的25%，在欧洲占此类病例的21%。人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）在静脉注射吸毒者中存在迅速传播的可能性，因为这类吸毒者通常共用注射设备。艾滋病的异性传播和围产期传播在很大程度上也与静脉注射吸毒者有关，并且吸毒者已被确定为艾滋病流行传播的主要媒介，因为它与静脉注射吸毒有关。只要静脉注射吸毒者上瘾，他们就会继续面临感染艾滋病的风险。因此，主要的艾滋病预防策略必须是帮助吸毒者戒毒。建议扩大药物滥用治疗资源，并开展外展项目，以鼓励更多静脉注射吸毒者接受治疗。还必须为继续注射毒品的静脉注射吸毒者以及吸毒者及其性伴侣提供降低艾滋病风险咨询，以防止艾滋病毒的性传播。现在必须采取积极的艾滋病预防举措，采用最有前景的干预策略，同时评估和完善这些策略。
