Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir 35100, Turkey.
Central Research Testing and Analysis Laboratory Research and Application Center, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir 35100, Turkey.
J Food Drug Anal. 2019 Jan;27(1):22-31. doi: 10.1016/j.jfda.2018.09.003. Epub 2018 Sep 28.
Substance use disorders are a widely recognized problem, which affects various levels of communities and influenced the world socioeconomically. Its source is deeply embedded in the global population. In order to fight against such an adversary, governments have spared no efforts in implementing substance abuse treatment centers and funding research to develop treatments and prevention procedures. In this review, we will discuss the use of immunological-based treatments and detection kit technologies. We will be detailing the steps followed to produce performant antibodies (antigens, carriers, and adjuvants) focusing on cocaine and methamphetamine as examples. Furthermore, part of this review is dedicated to substance use detection. Owing to novel technologies such as bio-functional polymeric surfaces and biosensors manufacturing, detection has become a more convenient method with the fast and on-site developed devices. Commercially available devices are able to test substance use disorders in urine, saliva, hair, and sweat. This improvement has had a tremendous impact on the prevention of driving under influence and other illicit behaviors. Lastly, substance abuse became a major issue involving the cooperation of experts on all levels to devise better treatment programs and prevent abuse-based accidents, injury and death.
物质使用障碍是一个广泛存在的问题，它影响着社区的各个层面，并在社会经济方面对世界产生影响。其根源深深扎根于全球人口之中。为了对抗这一对手，各国政府不遗余力地实施物质滥用治疗中心，并为开发治疗和预防程序提供资金。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论基于免疫学的治疗方法和检测试剂盒技术的应用。我们将详细介绍生产高性能抗体（抗原、载体和佐剂）的步骤，重点以可卡因和甲基苯丙胺为例。此外，这篇综述的一部分专门讨论物质使用的检测。由于生物功能聚合物表面和生物传感器制造等新技术的出现，检测变得更加方便，快速且现场开发的设备应运而生。市售的检测设备可用于检测尿液、唾液、头发和汗液中的物质使用障碍。这一改进对预防酒后驾车和其他非法行为产生了巨大影响。最后，物质滥用已成为一个涉及各级专家合作的主要问题，以制定更好的治疗计划并防止滥用导致的事故、伤害和死亡。
