1Discipline of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.
2Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA.
J Gen Virol. 2019 Mar;100(3):333-349. doi: 10.1099/jgv.0.001208. Epub 2019 Jan 16.
Viruses, as a class of pathogenic microbe, remain a significant health burden globally. Viral infections result in significant morbidity and mortality annually and many remain in need of novel vaccine and anti-viral strategies. The development of effective novel anti-viral therapeutics, in particular, requires detailed understanding of the mechanism of viral infection, and the host response, including the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system. In recent years, the role of glycans and lectins in pathogen-host interactions has become an increasingly relevant issue. This review focuses on the interactions between a specific lectin family, galectins, and the broad range of viral infections in which they play a role. Discussed are the diverse activities that galectins play in interacting directly with virions or the cells they infect, to promote or inhibit viral infection. In addition we describe how galectin expression is regulated both transcriptionally and post-transcriptionally by viral infections. We also compare the contribution of known galectin-mediated immune modulation, across a range of innate and adaptive immune anti-viral responses, to the outcome of viral infections.
病毒作为一类致病微生物，仍然是全球范围内的重大健康负担。病毒感染每年导致大量的发病率和死亡率，许多病毒仍然需要新的疫苗和抗病毒策略。新型有效抗病毒治疗药物的开发，尤其需要详细了解病毒感染的机制和宿主反应，包括先天和适应性免疫系统。近年来，糖和凝集素在病原体-宿主相互作用中的作用已成为一个日益相关的问题。本综述重点介绍了特定凝集素家族——半乳糖凝集素与广泛的病毒感染之间的相互作用。讨论了半乳糖凝集素在直接与病毒粒子或它们感染的细胞相互作用中发挥的多种活性，以促进或抑制病毒感染。此外，我们还描述了病毒感染如何在转录和转录后水平调节半乳糖凝集素的表达。我们还比较了已知的半乳糖凝集素介导的免疫调节在一系列先天和适应性抗病毒免疫反应中的作用，以了解其对病毒感染结果的影响。
