Kulinna-Cosentini C, Röhrich S, Arnoldner M A
Universitätsklinik für Radiologie und Nuklearmedizin, Medizinische Universität Wien, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Wien, Österreich.
Radiologe. 2019 Feb;59(2):106-113. doi: 10.1007/s00117-019-0490-0.
Acute abdomen describes a critical clinical condition which includes a heterogeneous group of clinical presentations. Several diseases require immediate surgical treatment. Therefore, fast radiological assessment is demanded.
Stable patients presenting at the emergency department with acute abdominal pain require an abdominal x‑ray, an ultrasound examination and/or a computed tomography (CT) scan, depending on the location and character of their pain. These standard radiological methods provide a quick differentiation between simple and complicated pathologies. Unstable patients should undergo immediate CT and, if positive, be sent directly to surgery.
The ongoing technical developments in the field of computed tomography allow a quick and detailed characterization of pathologic conditions of the abdominal organs. A structured approach, based on the analysis of typical radiological signs and patterns, combined with the evaluation of extra-abdominal findings helps to assign the observed imaging findings to specific diseases.
A systematic 4‑point approach for structured analysis of specific and nonspecific imaging features and common pitfalls aids to choose the correct radiological method and help to narrow the broad spectrum of potential differential diagnoses.
急腹症描述的是一种危急的临床状况，其临床表现多种多样。多种疾病需要立即进行手术治疗。因此，需要快速进行放射学评估。
因急性腹痛到急诊科就诊的病情稳定患者，需根据疼痛的部位和性质进行腹部X线检查、超声检查和/或计算机断层扫描（CT）。这些标准放射学方法能快速区分简单和复杂病变。病情不稳定的患者应立即进行CT检查，若检查结果呈阳性，则直接送去手术。
计算机断层扫描领域不断发展的技术能快速、详细地描述腹部器官的病理状况。基于对典型放射学征象和模式的分析，结合对腹部外表现的评估的结构化方法，有助于将观察到的影像学表现与特定疾病关联起来。
一种用于对特定和非特定影像学特征及常见陷阱进行结构化分析的系统四点法，有助于选择正确的放射学方法，并有助于缩小潜在鉴别诊断的广泛范围。
