Department of Counseling, Higher Education, and Special Education, University of Maryland.
Department of Teaching and Learning, Policy and Leadership, University of Maryland.
Am Psychol. 2019 Jan;74(1):143-155. doi: 10.1037/amp0000368.
Acculturation theories often describe how individuals in the United States adopt and incorporate dominant cultural values, beliefs, and behaviors such as individualism and self-reliance. Theorists tend to perceive dominant cultural values as "accessible to everyone," even though some dominant cultural values, such as preserving White racial status, are reserved for White people. In this article, the authors posit that White supremacist ideology is suffused within dominant cultural values, connecting the array of cultural values into a coherent whole and bearing with it an explicit status for White people and people of color. Consequently, the authors frame acculturation as a continuing process wherein some people of color learn explicitly via racism, microaggressions, and racial trauma about their racial positionality; White racial space; and how they are supposed to accommodate White people's needs, status, and emotions. The authors suggest that acculturation may mean that the person of color learns to avoid racial discourse to minimize eliciting White fragility and distress. Moreover, acculturation allows the person of color to live in proximity to White people because the person of color has become unthreatening and racially innocuous. The authors provide recommendations for research and clinical practice focused on understanding the connections between ideology, racism, microaggressions and ways to create psychological healing. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
文化适应理论常常描述美国人如何接受和融入主流文化的价值观、信仰和行为，如个人主义和自力更生。理论家往往认为主流文化的价值观是“每个人都能接受的”，尽管一些主流文化的价值观，如保持白人的种族地位，只留给白人。在本文中，作者认为，白人至上主义意识形态充斥在主流文化价值观中，将各种文化价值观连接成一个连贯的整体，并赋予其白人的明确地位和有色人种的地位。因此，作者将文化适应定义为一个持续的过程，在这个过程中，一些有色人种通过种族主义、微侵犯和种族创伤，明确地了解自己的种族定位、白人种族空间以及他们应该如何满足白人的需求、地位和情绪。作者认为，文化适应可能意味着有色人种学会避免种族言论，以尽量减少引起白人的脆弱和痛苦。此外，文化适应使有色人种能够与白人生活在一起，因为有色人种变得不那么具有威胁性，也没有种族上的恶意。作者为研究和临床实践提供了建议，重点是理解意识形态、种族主义、微侵犯之间的联系，以及创造心理疗愈的方法。（APA，保留所有权利）。
