Cyprowski Marcin
Centralny Instytut Ochrony Pracy - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy / Central Institute for Labor Protection - National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland (Zakład Zagrożeń Chemicznych, Pyłowych i Biologicznych, Pracownia Zagrożeń Biologicznych / Department of Chemical, Biological and Aerosol Hazards, Laboratory of Biohazards).
Med Pr. 2019 Feb 28;70(1):99-105. doi: 10.13075/mp.5893.00752. Epub 2018 Dec 18.
Solid waste storage in specially designated areas - landfills - has been the basic method of municipal solid waste disposal management for many years. However, thermal treatment is the currently preferred method of solid waste disposal. Hygienic assessment of working conditions in municipal waste incineration plants is hindered due to the variability and complexity of pollutants emitted during the combustion process. For many years studies describing this problem have focused mainly on chemical pollution inside the plants as well as emitted into the atmosphere. Available data indicates the presence of organic dust at workplaces in the range 0.1-14 mg/m. It has been proven that it is a carrier of a wide spectrum of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi and both mesophilic and thermophilic actinomycetes as well as adenoviruses and torque teno virus (TTV). In the air, at workplaces, bacterial endotoxins have also been found in concentrations reaching even 50 000 EU/m, which may significantly affect the occurrence of pro-inflammatory reactions in the lungs as well as toxic pneumonitis. Biological agents should be taken into account in the occupational risk assessment for harmful agents present in this environment, and an in-depth characterization of exposure and health effects resulting from contact with these agents should be continued to an even greater extent than before. Med Pr. 2019;70(1):99-105.
在专门指定的区域——垃圾填埋场储存固体废物多年来一直是城市固体废物处理管理的基本方法。然而，热处理是目前首选的固体废物处理方法。由于燃烧过程中排放污染物的变异性和复杂性，对城市垃圾焚烧厂工作条件的卫生评估受到阻碍。多年来，描述这一问题的研究主要集中在工厂内部以及排放到大气中的化学污染。现有数据表明，工作场所存在浓度范围为0.1 - 14毫克/立方米的有机粉尘。事实证明，它是多种微生物的载体，包括细菌、真菌、嗜温放线菌和嗜热放线菌，以及腺病毒和细小病毒B19。在工作场所的空气中，还发现细菌内毒素浓度甚至达到50000 EU/立方米，这可能会显著影响肺部促炎反应的发生以及中毒性肺炎。在对该环境中存在的有害因素进行职业风险评估时，应考虑生物制剂，并且应比以往更深入地继续对接触这些制剂所导致的暴露和健康影响进行表征。《医学实践》2019年；70(1):99 - 105。
