Predictive Modeling of Machining Temperatures with Force⁻Temperature Correlation Using Cutting Mechanics and Constitutive Relation.

Elevated temperature in the machining process is detrimental to cutting tools-a result of the effect of thermal softening and material diffusion. Material diffusion also deteriorates the quality of the machined part. Measuring or predicting machining temperatures is important for the optimization of the machining process, but experimental temperature measurement is difficult and inconvenient because of the complex contact phenomena between tools and workpieces, and because of restricted accessibility during the machining process. This paper presents an original analytical model for fast prediction of machining temperatures at two deformation zones in orthogonal cutting, namely the primary shear zone and the tool⁻chip interface. Temperatures were predicted based on a correlation between force and temperature using the mechanics of the cutting process and material constitutive relation. Minimization of the differences between calculated material flow stresses using a mechanics model and a constitutive model yielded an estimate of machining temperatures. Experimental forces, cutting condition parameters, and constitutive model constants were inputs, while machining forces were easily measurable by a piezoelectric dynamometer. Machining temperatures of AISI 1045 steel were predicted under various cutting conditions to demonstrate the predictive capability of each presented model. Close agreements were observed by verifying them against documented values in the literature. The influence of model inputs and computational efficiency were further investigated. The presented model has high computational efficiency that allows real-time prediction and low experimental complexity, considering the easily measurable input variables.