Sodium and responses to infused noradrenaline and angiotensin II in subjects predisposed to hypertension.

A disturbed adrenergic dependent blood pressure regulation may represent a familial component in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension; its possible relation to sodium metabolism is presently unknown. Body sodium, the cardiovascular pressor reactivity to infused noradrenaline or angiotensin II, plasma levels of noradrenaline, adrenalin, renin, angiotensin II, aldosterone and atrial natriuretic peptide were measured on a low or high sodium diet in 10 normotensive young subjects without and 13 normotensive subjects with familial predisposition to hypertension. On the low sodium diet, the two groups did not differ significantly in the considered parameters, while blood pressure was slightly higher in predisposed subjects (+7/+7 mmHg). The change from the low to the high sodium diet was associated with a significant increase in supine systolic blood pressure in predisposed but not in non-predisposed subjects (P less than 0.05). Exchangeable sodium, body weight atrial natriuretic peptide and the pressor reactivity to infused adrenalin or angiotensin II increased significantly while plasma catecholamines, renin, angiotensin II and aldosterone levels were suppressed to a comparable extent in the two groups. The findings of this investigation confirm that sodium has an important regulatory effect on cardiovascular pressor responsiveness. The disturbed noradrenergic-dependent regulation of predisposed subjects is not explained by an abnormal adaptation of sympathetic dependent mechanisms or of other pressor factors to variations in dietary sodium intake.