Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Achterstraße 30, 28359 Bremen, Germany.
Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Achterstraße 30, 28359 Bremen, Germany.
Clin Nutr. 2019 Dec;38(6):2504-2520. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.12.024. Epub 2018 Dec 24.
Studies indicate that dietary fat quantity and quality influence the gut microbiota composition which may as a consequence impact metabolic health. This systematic review aims to summarize the results of available studies in humans on dietary fat intake (quantity and quality), the intestinal microbiota composition and related cardiometabolic health outcomes.
We performed a systematic review (CRD42018088685) following PRISMA guidelines and searched for literature in Medline, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases.
From 796 records, 765 records were excluded based on title or abstract. After screening of 31 full-text articles six randomized controlled trials (RCT) and nine cross-sectional observational studies were included. Our results of interventional trials do not suggest strong effects of different amounts and types of dietary fat on the intestinal microbiota composition or on metabolic health outcomes while observational studies indicate associations with the microbiota and health outcomes. High intake of fat and saturated fatty acids (SFA) may negatively affect microbiota richness and diversity and diets high in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) may decrease total bacterial numbers whereas dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) had no effect on richness and diversity.
High fat and high SFA diets can exert unfavorable effects on the gut microbiota and are associated with an unhealthy metabolic state. Also high MUFA diets may negatively affect gut microbiota whereas PUFA do not seem to negatively affect the gut microbiota or metabolic health outcomes. However, data are not consistent and most RCT and observational studies showed risks of bias.
研究表明，饮食中的脂肪含量和质量会影响肠道微生物群的组成，而肠道微生物群的组成又可能会影响代谢健康。本系统综述旨在总结目前关于饮食脂肪摄入（数量和质量）、肠道微生物群组成以及相关心血管代谢健康结果的人体研究结果。
我们按照 PRISMA 指南进行了系统综述（CRD42018088685），并在 Medline、EMBASE 和 Cochrane 数据库中搜索文献。
从 796 条记录中，根据标题或摘要排除了 765 条记录。在筛选了 31 篇全文文章后，纳入了 6 项随机对照试验（RCT）和 9 项横断面观察性研究。我们的干预试验结果表明，不同数量和类型的饮食脂肪对肠道微生物群组成或代谢健康结果没有强烈影响，而观察性研究则表明与微生物群和健康结果存在关联。高脂肪和饱和脂肪酸（SFA）的摄入可能会对微生物群的丰富度和多样性产生负面影响，而富含单不饱和脂肪酸（MUFA）的饮食可能会降低总细菌数量，而多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）对丰富度和多样性没有影响。
高脂肪和高 SFA 饮食会对肠道微生物群产生不利影响，并与不健康的代谢状态相关。高 MUFA 饮食也可能对肠道微生物群产生负面影响，而 PUFA 似乎不会对肠道微生物群或代谢健康结果产生不利影响。然而，数据并不一致，大多数 RCT 和观察性研究都存在偏倚风险。
