Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands & CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition CB12/03/30038), E-07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands & CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition CB12/03/30038), E-07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2019 Sep;29(9):887-905. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2019.05.055. Epub 2019 May 17.
The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of coexisting cardiovascular risk factors. The role of specific dietary fats was reemphasized by dietary recommendations. This systematic review aims to assess evidence for the effect of dietary fat intake on MetS occurrence and reversion in adults.
The MEDLINE database was used to search the existing literature. We included observational studies that analyzed dietary fat intake in adults with MetS and clinical trials that compared the effects of different dietary fat diets on MetS and/or its components. Thirty articles were selected (14 observational and 16 clinical trials), and we included information of dietary fat and fatty acids as well as MetS, body mass index, cholesterol, hypertension, and diabetes in adults. SFA intake was found to be positively associated with MetS components. Most of the observational reviewed studies found beneficial associations between MUFA and PUFA (including n-3 and n-6 subtypes) intake and MetS components. Clinical trials also supported the benefits of MUFA- or PUFA-enriched diets (including low-fat diets) in reducing MetS.
The effects of dietary SFAs on MetS will be influenced by other specific nutrients. Replacement of SFA by MUFA and PUFA has been associated with a decrease in MetS. Dietary recommendations should emphasize on different qualities of fat intake, not only to reduce total fat intake, to obtain health benefits in adults.
代谢综合征（MetS）是一组并存的心血管危险因素。饮食建议再次强调了特定膳食脂肪的作用。本系统评价旨在评估膳食脂肪摄入对成年人代谢综合征发生和逆转的影响。
我们使用 MEDLINE 数据库搜索现有文献。我们纳入了分析代谢综合征成年人膳食脂肪摄入的观察性研究和比较不同膳食脂肪饮食对代谢综合征及其成分影响的临床试验。选择了 30 篇文章（14 篇观察性研究和 16 项临床试验），并纳入了有关膳食脂肪和脂肪酸以及成年人代谢综合征、体重指数、胆固醇、高血压和糖尿病的信息。发现 SFA 摄入与代谢综合征成分呈正相关。大多数观察性研究发现 MUFA 和 PUFA（包括 n-3 和 n-6 亚型）摄入与代谢综合征成分之间存在有益关联。临床试验也支持 MUFA 或 PUFA 丰富饮食（包括低脂饮食）在降低代谢综合征方面的益处。
膳食 SFAs 对 MetS 的影响将受到其他特定营养素的影响。用 MUFA 和 PUFA 替代 SFA 与代谢综合征的减少有关。饮食建议应强调不同质量的脂肪摄入，不仅要减少总脂肪摄入，还要为成年人获得健康益处。
