Understanding factors influencing home delivery in the context of user-fee abolition in Northern Ghana: Evidence from 2014 DHS.

User-fee exemption for skilled delivery services has been implemented in Ghana since 2003 as a way to address financial barriers to access. However, many women still deliver at home. Based on data from the 2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey, we estimated the prevalence of home delivery and determined the factors contributing to homebirths among a total of 622 women in the Northern region in the context of the user-fee exemption policy in Ghana. Binary and multivariate logistic regression analyses were employed. Results suggest home delivery prevalence of 59% (365/622). Traditional birth attendants attended majority of home deliveries (93.4%). After adjusting for potential confounders, making less than four antenatal care visits (aOR = 2.42; CI = 1.91-6.45; p = 0.001), being a practitioner of traditional African religion (aOR = 16.40; CI = 3.10-25.40; p = 0.000), being a Muslim (aOR 2.10; CI = 1.46-5.30; p = 0.042), not having a health insurance (aOR = 1.85; CI = 1.773-4.72; p = 0.016), living in a male-headed household (aOR = 2.07; CI = 1.02-4.53; p < 0.01), and being unexposed to media (aOR = 3.10; CI = 1.12-5.38; p = 0.021) significantly predicted home delivery. Our results suggest that unless interventions are implemented to address other health system factors like insurance coverage, and socio-cultural and religious beliefs that hinder uptake of skilled care, the full benefits of user-fee exemption may not be realized in Ghana.