Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College, London, UK.
FEBS J. 2019 May;286(10):1800-1814. doi: 10.1111/febs.14759. Epub 2019 Feb 6.
Mammalian glycan-binding receptors, sometimes known as lectins, interact with glycans, the oligosaccharide portions of endogenous mammalian glycoproteins and glycolipids as well as sugars on the surfaces of microbes. These receptors guide glycoproteins out of and back into cells, facilitate communication between cells through both adhesion and signaling, and allow the innate immune system to respond quickly to viral, fungal, bacterial, and parasitic pathogens. For many of the roughly 100 glycan-binding receptors that are known in humans, there are good descriptions of what types of glycans they bind and how selectivity for these ligands is achieved at the molecular level. In some cases, there is also comprehensive evidence for the roles that the receptors play at the cellular and organismal levels. In addition to highlighting these well-understood paradigms for glycan-binding receptors, this review will suggest where gaps remain in our understanding of the physiological functions that they can serve.
哺乳动物糖结合受体，有时也称为凝集素，与糖结合，这些糖是内源性哺乳动物糖蛋白和糖脂的寡糖部分，以及微生物表面的糖。这些受体指导糖蛋白进出细胞，通过黏附和信号传递促进细胞间的通讯，并使先天免疫系统能够快速对病毒、真菌、细菌和寄生虫病原体作出反应。对于人类已知的大约 100 种糖结合受体中的许多种，已经有很好的描述说明了它们与哪些类型的糖结合，以及在分子水平上如何实现对这些配体的选择性。在某些情况下，对于受体在细胞和生物体水平上所扮演的角色也有全面的证据。除了突出这些糖结合受体的理解良好的范例之外，这篇综述还将指出在它们可以发挥的生理功能方面，我们的理解还存在哪些差距。
