Department of Chemistry , University of Toronto , 80 St. George Street , Toronto , M5S 3H6 , Ontario Canada.
Environ Sci Technol. 2019 Feb 19;53(4):1805-1811. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.8b05545. Epub 2019 Feb 4.
Precise determination of organophosphate esters (OPEs) in the environment is crucial to estimating their potential toxicity effects on human health. Previous studies have mainly focused on OPEs from direct sources. This study explored a potential indirect source of OPEs: the oxidation of organophosphite antioxidants (OPAs). OPAs are frequently used to retard degradation in polymers through their oxidation to OPEs. In this work, five OPAs [tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphite, triphenyl phosphite, tris(2,4-di- tert-butylphenyl) phosphite, bis(2,4-di- tert-butylphenyl) pentaerythritol diphosphite, and trisnonylphenol phosphite] could be identified, with geometric mean (GM) concentrations from 2.46 to 70.4 ng/g, in indoor dust. Their oxidation products, triisodecyl phosphate (TiDeP), tris(2,4-di- tert-butylphenyl) phosphate (AO168═O), bis(2,4-di- tert-butylphenyl) pentaerythritol diphosphate (AO626═O), and trisnonylphenol phosphate (TNPP), were found at significantly higher GM concentrations (30.5-3759 ng/g). Surprisingly, two novel oxidation products AO168═O (GM: 3759 ng/g) and TNPP (GM: 2185 ng/g) had higher concentrations than tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (GM: 1608 ng/g) and triphenyl phosphate (GM: 1827 ng/g), which are well-known OPEs. These four novel OPEs (TiDeP, TNPP, AO168═O, AO626═O) contributed 54.1% to the total concentration of the eight OPEs. The present investigation demonstrates that oxidation of OPAs is an important indirect source of novel OPEs in indoor environments. This is the first detection of four OPAs and their newly identified OPE oxidation products in indoor dust.
准确测定环境中的有机磷酸酯（OPEs）对于评估其对人类健康的潜在毒性影响至关重要。先前的研究主要集中在直接来源的 OPEs 上。本研究探讨了 OPEs 的一个潜在间接来源：亚磷酸酯抗氧化剂（OPAs）的氧化。OPAs 通常通过氧化为 OPEs 来阻止聚合物降解，从而被用于延缓聚合物降解。在这项工作中，从室内灰尘中鉴定出了五种 OPAs[三（2-氯乙基）亚磷酸酯、三苯基亚磷酸酯、三（2,4-二叔丁基苯基）亚磷酸酯、双（2,4-二叔丁基苯基）季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯和三壬基酚亚磷酸酯]，其浓度的几何平均值（GM）为 2.46-70.4ng/g。它们的氧化产物三异癸基磷酸酯（TiDeP）、三（2,4-二叔丁基苯基）磷酸酯（AO168═O）、双（2,4-二叔丁基苯基）季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯（AO626═O）和三壬基酚亚磷酸酯（TNPP）以更高的 GM 浓度（30.5-3759ng/g）存在。令人惊讶的是，两种新的氧化产物 AO168═O（GM：3759ng/g）和 TNPP（GM：2185ng/g）的浓度高于三（2-氯乙基）磷酸酯（GM：1608ng/g）和三苯基亚磷酸酯（GM：1827ng/g），这两种化合物是众所周知的 OPEs。这四种新的 OPEs（TiDeP、TNPP、AO168═O、AO626═O）占这 8 种 OPEs 总浓度的 54.1%。本研究表明，OPAs 的氧化是室内环境中新型 OPEs 的一个重要间接来源。这是首次在室内灰尘中检测到四种 OPA 和它们新发现的 OPE 氧化产物。
