School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Minister of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou 510655, China.
Environ Sci Technol. 2020 Nov 3;54(21):13771-13777. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.0c05186. Epub 2020 Oct 22.
Organophosphate esters (OPEs) represent an important group of industrial additives with broad applications. However, their occurrences and fate in the atmospheric environment have not been sufficiently investigated. Our study focused on four novel OPEs, including tris(2,4-di--butylphenyl) phosphate (AO168 = O), bis(2,4-di--butylphenyl) pentaerythritol diphosphate, triisodecyl phosphate, and trisnonylphenol phosphate, and characterized their organophosphite antioxidant (OPA) precursors and selected transformation products, in airborne fine particles from South China. House dust from South China was also studied for comparison. Among these four OPEs, exceedingly high concentrations were determined for AO168 = O (i.e., median: 25 500 ng/g in PM, 52 900 ng/g in PM, and 10 700 ng/g in indoor dust), reaching 1 order of magnitude greater than those of traditional OPEs. Their OPA precursors were not detectable in airborne particles but hypothesized as one of the sources for airborne OPEs. In addition, potential transformation products of AO168 = O, including bis(2,4-di--butylphenyl) phosphate (B2,4DtBPP) and 2,4-di--butylphenol (2,4DBP), also exhibited broad distributions. The levels of 2,4DBP even surpassed those of AO168 = O in particles. The links between OPAs, OPEs, and other transformation products indicate the complexity of OPE-related chemicals in atmospheric environments. These links should be taken into consideration for a better characterization of OPEs' environmental and health risks.
有机磷酸酯 (OPEs) 是一组具有广泛应用的重要工业添加剂。然而，它们在大气环境中的存在和归宿尚未得到充分研究。我们的研究集中在四种新型 OPEs，包括三(2,4-二-正丁基苯基)磷酸酯 (AO168=O)、双(2,4-二-正丁基苯基)季戊四醇二磷酸酯、三异癸基磷酸酯和三壬基苯酚磷酸酯，并对它们的有机亚磷酸酯抗氧化剂 (OPA) 前体和选定的转化产物进行了特征描述，这些产物来自华南地区的空气中细颗粒物。同时还研究了华南地区的房屋灰尘进行了比较。在这四种 OPEs 中，AO168=O 的浓度非常高（即 PM 中的中位数：25500ng/g，PM 中的中位数：52900ng/g，室内灰尘中的中位数：10700ng/g），比传统 OPEs 高一个数量级。它们的 OPA 前体在空气中的颗粒中无法检测到，但被假设为空气中 OPEs 的来源之一。此外，AO168=O 的潜在转化产物，包括双(2,4-二-正丁基苯基)磷酸酯 (B2,4DtBPP) 和 2,4-二-正丁基苯酚 (2,4DBP)，也广泛分布。颗粒中的 2,4DBP 水平甚至超过了 AO168=O。OPAs、OPEs 和其他转化产物之间的联系表明大气环境中与 OPE 相关的化学物质的复杂性。在更好地描述 OPEs 的环境和健康风险时，应考虑这些联系。
