BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN.
Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN.
Mol Biol Evol. 2019 May 1;36(5):890-907. doi: 10.1093/molbev/msz004.
For nearly a century adaptive landscapes have provided overviews of the evolutionary process and yet they remain metaphors. We redefine adaptive landscapes in terms of biological processes rather than descriptive phenomenology. We focus on the underlying mechanisms that generate emergent properties such as epistasis, dominance, trade-offs and adaptive peaks. We illustrate the utility of landscapes in predicting the course of adaptation and the distribution of fitness effects. We abandon aged arguments concerning landscape ruggedness in favor of empirically determining landscape architecture. In so doing, we transform the landscape metaphor into a scientific framework within which causal hypotheses can be tested.
近一个世纪以来，适应景观为进化过程提供了概述，但它们仍然是隐喻。我们根据生物过程而不是描述性现象学来重新定义适应景观。我们专注于产生突现属性的潜在机制，例如上位性、显性、权衡和适应峰。我们举例说明了景观在预测适应过程和适应度效应分布方面的效用。我们摒弃了有关景观崎岖度的陈旧争论，转而支持从经验上确定景观结构。通过这样做，我们将景观隐喻转化为一个科学框架，在这个框架中可以测试因果假设。
