Federal University of Uberlândia, Institute of Biology, Laboratory of Ornithology and Bioacoustics, Umuarama Campus, Rua Ceará, s/n, 38400-902 Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Federal University of Uberlândia, Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry, Cytogenetic and Mutagenesis Laboratory, Umuarama Campus, Avenida Pará 1720, 38400-902 Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Biochemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Brazil.
Federal University of Uberlândia, Institute of Biology, Laboratory of Ornithology and Bioacoustics, Umuarama Campus, Rua Ceará, s/n, 38400-902 Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Ecology and Conservation of Natural Resources, Federal University of Uberlândia, Brazil.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2019 Apr 30;171:631-637. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.01.026. Epub 2019 Jan 15.
The urbanization contributes to environment contamination, mainly by the increased vehicle traffic. This intense traffic releases in the air chemical compounds with mutagenic properties that can affect the entire ecosystem. The birds for the flight accumulate air, absorbing gases or particles. The absorption of this polluted air may be causative agent responsible for micronucleus (MN) induction in bird erythrocytes. The quantitative analysis of MN in birds can assists in the monitoring environmental quality of various places. The study aimed to quantify the MN frequency in birds and compare their variation: I) among forest fragments distant from and near to urbanization, II) among species and populations of birds and III) to find if there is a relation between vehicle traffic and MN induction. The capture of the birds took place in four forest fragments in central Brazil (two distant and two near the city) using mist nets. Blood smears were prepared with blood collected from the tarso-metatarsal vein. A total of 354 individuals were analyzed and MN were found in 52% of the individuals analyzed. All sampled birds were identified and resulted to belong to 50 different species, only 4 of which were captured in all the 4 forest fragments. The average MN frequency, regardless of bird species and sampling area, was 1.04/10,000 erythrocytes. From an overall analysis carried out on all birds, the MN frequencies were found to vary among forest fragments distant from and near to urbanization (x =15.513; p < 0.001) and demonstrated positive correlation between vehicle traffic intensity and the MN frequency (r = 0.988; df=2; p = 0.011). The species of birds presented variation in the amount of MN (x = 84.64; df=49; p = 0.001). Therefore, a restricted analysis carried out on the 4 species of birds present in all the forest fragments showed that the populations of Antilophia galeata (x =6.029; p = 0.014), Basileuterus culicivorus (x =9.53; p = 0.002), Eucometis penicillata (x =8.067; p = 0.005) and Myiothlypis flaveola (x =4.771; p = 0.029) showed difference in the MN frequency, when compared between forest fragments distant from and near to cities. The analysis demonstrated that birds living in forest areas near to the city presented higher MN frequency, probably because pollutants generated by urbanization affect birds and that the larger the vehicle traffic the greater the induced MN in the birds.
城市化导致环境污染，主要是由于车辆交通增加所致。这种密集的交通会释放出具有诱变特性的化学物质，从而影响整个生态系统。鸟类在飞行中会吸入空气，吸收气体或颗粒。吸入这种污染空气可能是导致鸟类红细胞微核（MN）诱导的原因。鸟类 MN 的定量分析可以帮助监测各地的环境质量。本研究旨在定量分析鸟类的 MN 频率并比较其变化：I）在远离和靠近城市化的森林片段之间，II）在鸟类的物种和种群之间，III）以及确定车辆交通与 MN 诱导之间是否存在关系。在巴西中部的四个森林片段中（两个远离城市，两个靠近城市）使用雾网捕获鸟类。通过从跗跖骨-跖骨静脉收集的血液制备血涂片。共分析了 354 个人，发现 52％的分析个体中存在 MN。所有采样鸟类均被识别，并确定属于 50 个不同的物种，其中只有 4 个在所有 4 个森林片段中被捕获。无论鸟类物种和采样区域如何，MN 频率的平均值为每 10,000 个红细胞 1.04 个。从对所有鸟类进行的总体分析中，发现远离和靠近城市化的森林片段之间的 MN 频率存在差异（x = 15.513；p <0.001），并且车辆交通强度与 MN 频率之间存在正相关（r = 0.988；df = 2；p = 0.011）。鸟类的 MN 数量存在变化（x = 84.64；df = 49；p = 0.001）。因此，对所有森林片段中都存在的 4 种鸟类进行了限制分析，结果表明 Antilophia galeata（x = 6.029；p = 0.014），Basileuterus culicivorus（x = 9.53；p = 0.002），Eucometis penicillata（x = 8.067；p = 0.005）和 Myiothlypis flaveola（x = 4.771；p = 0.029）种群的 MN 频率存在差异，这是由于城市中产生的污染物影响了鸟类，并且车辆交通越大，鸟类中诱导的 MN 就越大。
