Department of Chemical Engineering, Curtin University of Technology, 98009 Sarawak, Malaysia.
School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany.
Int J Pharm. 2019 Mar 10;558:413-425. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.01.023. Epub 2019 Jan 18.
Cardiovascular ailments are the foremost trigger of death in the world today, including myocardial infarction and ischemic heart diseases. To date, extraordinary measures have been prescribed, from the perspectives of both conventional medical therapies and surgeries, to enforce cardiac cell regeneration post cardiac traumas, albeit with limited long-term success. The prospects of successful heart transplants are also grim, considering exorbitant costs and unavailability of suitable donors in most cases. From the perspective of cardiac revascularization, use of nanoparticles and nanoparticle mediated targeted drug delivery have garnered substantial attention, attributing to both active and passive heart targeting, with enhanced target specificity and sensitivity. This review focuses on this aspect, while outlining the progress in targeted delivery of nanomedicines in the prognosis and subsequent therapy of cardiovascular disorders, and recapitulating the benefits and intrinsic challenges associated with the incorporation of nanoparticles. This article categorically provides an overview of nanoparticle-mediated targeted delivery systems and their implications in handling cardiovascular diseases, including their intrinsic benefits and encountered procedural trials and challenges. Additionally, the solicitations of aptamers in targeted drug delivery with identical objectives, are presented. This includes a detailed appraisal on various aptamer-navigated nanoparticle targeted delivery platforms in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular maladies. Despite a few impending challenges, subject to additional investigations, both nanoparticles as well as aptamers show a high degree of promise, and pose as the next generation of drug delivery vehicles, in targeted cardiovascular therapy.
心血管疾病是当今世界首要的死亡诱因，包括心肌梗死和缺血性心脏病。迄今为止，已经采取了非凡的措施，从传统的医疗治疗和手术的角度来看，在心脏创伤后强制心脏细胞再生，尽管长期成功的可能性有限。考虑到高昂的成本和大多数情况下缺乏合适的供体，成功进行心脏移植的前景也很严峻。在心脏血运重建方面，纳米颗粒的使用和纳米颗粒介导的靶向药物输送引起了广泛关注，归因于主动和被动的心脏靶向，具有增强的靶向特异性和敏感性。本综述重点关注这一方面，同时概述了纳米医学在心血管疾病的预后和随后治疗中的靶向递药的进展，并总结了与纳米颗粒结合相关的益处和内在挑战。本文明确提供了纳米颗粒介导的靶向递药系统及其在处理心血管疾病方面的应用概述，包括其内在的益处和遇到的程序试验和挑战。此外，还介绍了针对相同目标的适体在靶向药物输送中的应用。这包括对心血管疾病诊断和治疗中各种适体导航的纳米颗粒靶向递药平台的详细评估。尽管存在一些即将到来的挑战，但需要进一步研究，纳米颗粒和适体都显示出高度的前景，并作为靶向心血管治疗的下一代药物输送载体。
