Favalesso Marília Melo, Lorini Lisete Maria, Peichoto Maria Elisa, Guimarães Ana Tereza Bittencourt
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical (INMeT), Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina.
Universidade de Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
Acta Trop. 2019 Apr;192:158-164. doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.01.016. Epub 2019 Jan 17.
Lonomia obliqua Walker 1855 (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) is a species of moth which larvae are responsible for the lonomism, a form of envenomation that has been occurring in Brazil since the 1980s. Despite the importance in public health, the geographical distribution and their ecological aspects are unknown. Therefore, in the present study, we present a potential geographical distribution map for L. obliqua in Brazil, based on the combination of different Ecology Niche Modelling (ENM) algorithms. A total of 38 occurrence points were distributed in the southern/ southeastern regions of Brazil and in the province of Misiones (Argentina), which were divided for calibration and evaluation of the model. Eight continuous climatic and soil variables were selected from 16 previously calculated for model calibration. The final model-map is composed of a combination of four algorithms (Gower, Mahalanobis, MAXENT and SVM), with samples of pseudo-absences outside a Bioclimatic Envelope (BIOCLIM) in quantity equal to the presences. This model-map was binarized from the Low Presence Threshold (LPT) and cut only to the Brazilian area. According to this map, the areas predicted as suitable for L. obliqua are restricted between latitudes ˜12° and ˜32°, and longitudes ˜39° and ˜57°, with extension of 1,181,604 km². The model-map was also validated with external data from samples of the species, at municipality level, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil). From this information, we extracted the values of variables related to climate and soil, and with additional variables related to the land use and type of vegetation, in order to contribute to the ecological knowledge of the species. In general, the map and the ecological information obtained can serve as a tool for public health agents in Brazil to adequately guide preventive strategies and attention to lonomism in the country, and with addendum on habitat loss and accident conditions with the species.
斜纹天蛾（Lonomia obliqua Walker，1855年）（鳞翅目：天蚕蛾科）是一种蛾类，其幼虫会导致发生自20世纪80年代以来在巴西出现的一种中毒形式——斜纹天蛾中毒。尽管在公共卫生方面很重要，但其地理分布及其生态方面仍不清楚。因此，在本研究中，我们基于不同生态位建模（ENM）算法的组合，呈现了巴西斜纹天蛾的潜在地理分布图。总共38个出现点分布在巴西的南部/东南部地区以及米西奥内斯省（阿根廷），这些点被划分用于模型的校准和评估。从先前为模型校准计算的16个变量中选择了8个连续的气候和土壤变量。最终的模型图由四种算法（高尔、马氏距离、最大熵和支持向量机）的组合构成，在生物气候包络（BIOCLIM）之外有数量与出现点相等的伪缺失样本。该模型图从低出现阈值（LPT）进行二值化处理，并仅裁剪至巴西区域。根据此图，预测适合斜纹天蛾生存的区域限制在南纬约12°至约32°以及西经约39°至约57°之间，面积为1,181,604平方千米。该模型图还通过来自巴西南里奥格兰德州市级别的该物种样本的外部数据进行了验证。根据这些信息，我们提取了与气候和土壤相关的变量值，以及与土地利用和植被类型相关的附加变量值，以便增进对该物种的生态了解。总体而言，所获得的地图和生态信息可作为巴西公共卫生机构的工具，以充分指导该国针对斜纹天蛾中毒的预防策略和关注重点，并补充有关栖息地丧失和与该物种接触事故的情况。
