Biosensors and Bioelectronics Centre, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linkoping University, 58183 Linkoping, Sweden; Eletroanalytical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran.
Eletroanalytical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran.
Biosens Bioelectron. 2019 Mar 1;128:159-165. doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.12.025. Epub 2018 Dec 18.
Skin cancer is the most frequent kind of cancer in white people in many parts of the world. UV-induced DNA damage and genetic mutation can subsequently lead to skin cancer. Therefore development of new biosensing strategies for detection of UV-induced DNA damage is of great importance. Here we demonstrate a novel combination of an ex-vivo skin biointerface and an electrochemical DNA sensor for the direct detection of UV induced DNA damage and investigation the protective effect of various UV blockers (Zinc-oxide (ZnO), titanium-dioxide (TiO) nanoparticles (NPs) and sunscreens) against DNA damage. A diazonium modified screen-printed carbon electrode immobilized with a DNA sequence related to the p53 tumour suppressor gene, the most commonly affected gene in human UV-induced skin cancer, was applied as an electrochemical DNA sensor. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was employed for the detection of DNA damage induced by UV-A radiation by following the changes in charge transfer resistance (R). The protective effects of UV blockers applied onto a pig skin surface (a suitable model representing human skin) were successfully detected by the DNA sensor. We observed that the naked skin has little UV protection showing an 18.2% decreases in ∆R/R values compared to the control, while applying both NPs and NP-formulated sunscreens could significantly reduce DNA damage, resulting in a decrease in ∆R/R values of 67.1% (ZnO NPs), 77.2% (TiO NPs), 77.1% (sunscreen 1) and 92.4% (sunscreen 2), respectively. Moreover, doping moisturising cream with NPs could provide a similar DNA protective effect. This new method is a biologically relevant alternative to animal testing and offers advantages such as fast, easy and inexpensive processing, in addition to its miniaturised dimension, and could be used for a range of applications in other sources of DNA damage and the protective effect of different UV blocking agents and other topical formulations.
皮肤癌是世界上许多地区白人中最常见的癌症类型。紫外线诱导的 DNA 损伤和基因突变随后可能导致皮肤癌。因此，开发新的生物传感策略来检测紫外线诱导的 DNA 损伤非常重要。在这里，我们展示了一种新的组合，即离体皮肤生物界面和电化学 DNA 传感器，用于直接检测紫外线诱导的 DNA 损伤，并研究各种紫外线阻断剂（氧化锌 (ZnO)、二氧化钛 (TiO) 纳米颗粒 (NPs) 和防晒霜）对 DNA 损伤的保护作用。一种带有与 p53 肿瘤抑制基因相关的 DNA 序列的叠氮修饰的丝网印刷碳电极，该基因是人类紫外线诱导皮肤癌中最常受影响的基因，被用作电化学 DNA 传感器。通过测量电荷转移电阻 (R) 的变化，电化学阻抗谱 (EIS) 用于检测由 UV-A 辐射引起的 DNA 损伤。通过 DNA 传感器成功检测到涂在猪皮表面（一种代表人类皮肤的合适模型）上的紫外线阻断剂的保护作用。我们观察到，裸露的皮肤几乎没有紫外线保护作用，与对照相比，∆R/R 值下降了 18.2%，而同时使用 NPs 和 NP 配方的防晒霜可以显著减少 DNA 损伤，∆R/R 值分别下降了 67.1%（氧化锌 NPs）、77.2%（二氧化钛 NPs）、77.1%（防晒霜 1）和 92.4%（防晒霜 2）。此外，在保湿霜中掺杂 NPs 可以提供类似的 DNA 保护作用。这种新方法是对动物测试的一种具有生物学相关性的替代方法，具有快速、简单、廉价的处理优势，此外还具有小型化的特点，可用于其他来源的 DNA 损伤和不同紫外线阻断剂和其他局部制剂的保护作用的一系列应用。
