Sci Adv. 2019 Jan 9;5(1):eaav0486. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aav0486. eCollection 2019 Jan.
River ecosystems receive and process vast quantities of terrestrial organic carbon, the fate of which depends strongly on microbial activity. Variation in and controls of processing rates, however, are poorly characterized at the global scale. In response, we used a peer-sourced research network and a highly standardized carbon processing assay to conduct a global-scale field experiment in greater than 1000 river and riparian sites. We found that Earth's biomes have distinct carbon processing signatures. Slow processing is evident across latitudes, whereas rapid rates are restricted to lower latitudes. Both the mean rate and variability decline with latitude, suggesting temperature constraints toward the poles and greater roles for other environmental drivers (e.g., nutrient loading) toward the equator. These results and data set the stage for unprecedented "next-generation biomonitoring" by establishing baselines to help quantify environmental impacts to the functioning of ecosystems at a global scale.
河流生态系统接收和处理大量的陆地有机碳，其归宿强烈依赖于微生物活动。然而，全球范围内处理速率的变化及其控制因素仍描述不足。有鉴于此，我们利用一个同行提供的研究网络和一个高度标准化的碳处理分析方法，在 1000 多个河流和河岸站点进行了全球范围的野外实验。我们发现，地球上的生物群落具有独特的碳处理特征。在各个纬度上都存在缓慢的处理过程，而快速的处理速率则局限于低纬度地区。无论是平均速率还是变异性都随纬度下降，这表明在两极地区受到温度限制，而在赤道地区则受到其他环境驱动因素（如养分负荷）的更大影响。这些结果和数据集为前所未有的“下一代生物监测”奠定了基础，通过建立基线来帮助量化全球范围内对生态系统功能的环境影响。
