Departments of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary/Alberta Public Laboratories-Alberta Children's Hospital Site, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
Clin Anat. 2019 May;32(4):489-500. doi: 10.1002/ca.23335. Epub 2019 Feb 6.
At the beginning of the 19th century, there were only five medical schools in America. The Medical Department of Transylvania University in Lexington, Kentucky, was the first in the West; however, it had few students or faculty until it was restructured in 1815. In 1817-1818, three of its faculty members (Benjamin Dudley, Daniel Drake, and William Richardson) quickly developed a highly dysfunctional relationship. Dudley tried to have Richardson fired, with Drake blocking this. Drake then criticized Dudley's performance of a coroner's autopsy, resulting in both parties publishing derogatory comments about each other. Dudley then challenged Drake to a pistol duel but Drake, not believing in dueling, declined. Richardson, wanting to defend his friend's honor, accepted the challenge and was mortally wounded in August 1818. Dudley, a prominent surgeon, saved his life. Both Dudley and Richardson were important Kentuckian Freemasons and the brotherhood felt compelled to punish them for un-Masonic behavior. Drake left and started his own medical school in Cincinnati in 1819, in direct completion with and destabilizing Transylvania's school. This saga is dissected in the context of the bizarre history of dueling as part of the Code of Honor by which gentlemen in the Old South often resolved their differences. The essay analyzes the autopsy dispute and reviews politics within the medical school, the University, and newer competing medical schools. Transylvania's medical school was recognized as one of the best in the US during the first half of the 1800s, but by 1859, it had permanently closed its doors. Clin. Anat. 32:489-500, 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
19 世纪初，美国只有五所医学院。肯塔基州列克星敦的特兰西瓦尼亚大学医学系是西部第一所，但直到 1815 年进行重组，它的学生和教师都很少。1817-1818 年，其三位教师（本杰明·达德利、丹尼尔·德雷克和威廉·理查森）迅速建立了一种高度失调的关系。达德利试图解雇理查森，但被德雷克阻止。德雷克随后批评了达德利进行验尸官尸检的表现，导致双方都发表了相互诋毁的评论。达德利随后向德雷克挑战手枪决斗，但德雷克不相信决斗，拒绝了。理查森为了捍卫朋友的荣誉，接受了挑战，并于 1818 年 8 月受重伤。达德利是一位杰出的外科医生，救了他的命。达德利和理查森都是重要的肯塔基共济会会员，兄弟会觉得有必要惩罚他们的非共济会行为。德雷克离开并于 1819 年在辛辛那提开设了自己的医学院，与特兰西瓦尼亚的学校直接竞争并破坏其稳定。这一传奇故事是在决斗作为旧南方绅士解决分歧的荣誉准则的一部分的奇异历史背景下进行剖析的。这篇文章分析了验尸纠纷，并回顾了医学院、大学和新出现的竞争医学院内部的政治。在 19 世纪上半叶，特兰西瓦尼亚的医学院被公认为美国最好的医学院之一，但到 1859 年，它已永久关闭。临床解剖学 32:489-500,2019. Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
