Section of Molecular Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, Maharashtra, India.
FEMS Yeast Res. 2019 Mar 1;19(2). doi: 10.1093/femsyr/foz007.
In presently licensed vaccines, killed or attenuated organisms act as a source of immunogens except for peptide-based vaccines. These conventional vaccines required a mass culture of associated or related organisms and long incubation periods. Special requirements during storage and transportation further adds to the cost of vaccine preparations. Availability of complete genome sequence, well-established genetic, inherent natural adjuvant and non-pathogenic nature of yeast species viz. Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Pichia pastoris makes them an ideal model system for the development of vaccines both for public health and for on-farm consumption. In this review, we compile the work in this emerging field during last two decades with major emphases on S. cerevisiae and P. pastoris which are routinely used worldwide for expression of heterologous proteins with therapeutic value against infectious diseases along with possible use in cancer therapy. We also pointed towards the developments in use of whole recombinant yeast, yeast surface display and virus-like particles as a novel strategy in the fight against infectious diseases and cancer along with other aspects including suitability of yeast in vaccines preparations, yeast cell wall component as an immune stimulator or modulator and present status of yeast-based vaccines in clinical trials.
在目前获得许可的疫苗中，除了基于肽的疫苗外，灭活或减毒的生物体作为免疫原的来源。这些传统疫苗需要大量培养相关或相关的生物体，并需要长时间的孵育。在储存和运输过程中的特殊要求进一步增加了疫苗制备的成本。完整基因组序列的可用性、成熟的遗传、固有的天然佐剂和酵母属（如酿酒酵母、巴斯德毕赤酵母）的非致病性，使它们成为开发公共卫生和农场使用疫苗的理想模型系统。在这篇综述中，我们汇集了过去二十年中这一新兴领域的工作，重点介绍了酿酒酵母和巴斯德毕赤酵母，它们在世界范围内被常规用于表达具有治疗价值的针对传染病的异源蛋白，以及可能在癌症治疗中的应用。我们还指出了使用整个重组酵母、酵母表面展示和类病毒颗粒作为对抗传染病和癌症的新策略的发展，以及包括酵母在疫苗制备中的适用性、酵母细胞壁成分作为免疫刺激剂或调节剂的适用性以及酵母疫苗在临床试验中的现状。
