Malone John B, Bergquist Robert, Martins Moara, Luvall Jeffrey C
Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
Ingerod, SE-454 94 Brastad, Sweden.
Trop Med Infect Dis. 2019 Jan 18;4(1):15. doi: 10.3390/tropicalmed4010015.
The distribution of diseases caused by vector-borne viruses and parasites are restricted by the environmental requirements of their vectors, but also by the ambient temperature inside the host as it influences the speed of maturation of the infectious agent transferred. The launch of the Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) satellite in 2015, and the new ECOSTRESS instrument onboard the International Space Station (ISS) in 2018, established the leadership of the National Aeronautics Space Administration (NASA) in ecology and climate research by allowing the structural and functional classification of ecosystems that govern vector sustainability. These advances, and the availability of sub-meter resolution data from commercial satellites, contribute to seamless mapping and modelling of diseases, not only at continental scales (1 km²) and local community or agricultural field scales (15⁻30 m²), but for the first time, also at the habitat⁻household scale (<1 m²). This communication presents current capabilities that are related to data collection by Earth-observing satellites, and draws attention to the usefulness of geographical information systems (GIS) and modelling for the study of important parasitic diseases.
媒介传播病毒和寄生虫所引发疾病的分布，不仅受其媒介的环境要求限制，还受宿主体内环境温度的限制，因为这会影响所传播感染因子的成熟速度。2015年土壤湿度主动被动探测器（SMAP）卫星的发射，以及2018年国际空间站（ISS）上新型生态系统空间热辐射计观测卫星（ECOSTRESS）仪器的启用，使美国国家航空航天局（NASA）在生态与气候研究方面占据领先地位，得以对影响媒介可持续性的生态系统进行结构和功能分类。这些进展以及商业卫星提供的亚米级分辨率数据，有助于实现疾病的无缝制图和建模，不仅能在大陆尺度（1平方千米）以及当地社区或农田尺度（15 - 30平方米）做到，而且首次能够在栖息地 - 家庭尺度（<1平方米）上实现。本通讯介绍了与地球观测卫星数据收集相关的当前能力，并提请关注地理信息系统（GIS）和建模在重要寄生虫病研究中的作用。
