Segal Benjamin M
Holtom-Garrett Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
Neurology Service, Ann Arbor VA Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA.
J Clin Med. 2019 Jan 19;8(1):120. doi: 10.3390/jcm8010120.
Autoreactive CD4+ T cells, which target antigens in central nervous system (CNS) myelin, are widely believed to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) in concert with other immune effectors. This theory is supported by data from animal model experiments, genome-wide association studies, and immune profiles of individuals with MS. Furthermore, disease modifying agents that target lymphocytes significantly reduce the rate of MS clinical exacerbations. However, the properties of myelin-reactive CD4+ T cells that are critical for their pathogenic activities are not understood completely. This article reviews the literature on encephalitogenic CD4+ T cells, with an emphasis on T-helper (Th) lineage and cytokine production. An increased understanding of the spectrum of encephalitogenic T cells and how they differ from protective subsets is necessary for the development of the next generation of more effective and safer immunomodulatory therapies customized for individuals with MS and related disorders.
靶向中枢神经系统（CNS）髓磷脂中抗原的自身反应性CD4 + T细胞，被广泛认为与其他免疫效应器协同作用，在多发性硬化症（MS）的发病机制中起关键作用。动物模型实验、全基因组关联研究以及MS患者的免疫谱数据均支持这一理论。此外，靶向淋巴细胞的疾病修饰药物可显著降低MS临床病情加重的发生率。然而，对于髓磷脂反应性CD4 + T细胞对其致病活性至关重要的特性，我们尚未完全了解。本文综述了关于致脑炎性CD4 + T细胞的文献，重点关注T辅助（Th）谱系和细胞因子产生。深入了解致脑炎性T细胞的谱系以及它们与保护性亚群的差异，对于开发针对MS及相关疾病患者的下一代更有效、更安全的免疫调节疗法至关重要。
