Department of Community Health Sciences, Program in Community Rehabilitation and Disability Studies, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
Disabil Rehabil. 2020 Jun;42(11):1518-1528. doi: 10.1080/09638288.2018.1527401. Epub 2019 Jan 23.
People with disabilities face participation challenges in all occupations. Scientific and technological advancements impact the occupational landscape of humans. This scoping review aimed to ascertain the academic engagement with occupation in relation to robotics and human enhancement focusing in particular on how people with disabilities and rehabilitation were mentioned. SCOPUS and the 70 databases of EBSCO host were searched. Manifest and latent content coding and thematic grouping of codes relevant to answering the review questions was performed. Only four articles engaged with occupation in relation to human enhancement. As to occupation and robotics, some occupational fields were visible and not others; occupational health and safety was the most visible one; people with disabilities were covered from a medical, therapeutic angle and not in relation to social issues caused by the occupational impact of robotics. Change in the scope, meaning, and clients of rehabilitation efforts related to occupation enabled by human enhancement and robotics was not covered. The gaps found should be filled. The impact of robotics and human enhancement on the occupational landscape indicates the need for rehabilitation to think beyond recovery to the species typical as a goal. The ultrabilitation concept could help to meet this need.Implications for rehabilitationAdvances in robotics and human enhancement beyond species-typical levels modify the occupational landscape, human ability expectations in this setting, and the meaning and scope of disability and rehabilitation (clinical and community based).There is a need to elucidate the impact of these changes on the meaning, scope and goals of recovery-oriented rehabilitation.The recently coined term "ultrabilitation" creates space to discuss an ability expectation creep triggered by developments in robotics and human enhancement, particularly within occupation focused rehabilitation.
残疾人在所有职业中都面临参与挑战。科学技术的进步影响着人类的职业格局。本范围综述旨在确定与机器人技术和人类增强相关的职业学术参与度，特别关注残疾人和康复人员的提及情况。检索了 SCOPUS 和 EBSCO 主机的 70 个数据库。对与回答审查问题相关的显式和隐式内容编码和代码主题分组进行了操作。只有四篇文章涉及与人类增强相关的职业。至于机器人技术和职业，一些职业领域可见，而另一些则不可见；职业健康和安全是最明显的一个；残疾人士从医学、治疗角度得到了涵盖，而不是从机器人对职业的影响所引起的社会问题的角度得到涵盖。人类增强和机器人技术使与职业相关的康复工作的范围、意义和客户发生变化，这一点没有得到涵盖。应该填补这些空白。机器人技术和人类增强对职业格局的影响表明，康复需要超越恢复到物种典型的目标。超康复概念可以帮助满足这一需求。对康复的影响机器人技术和人类增强超越物种典型水平，改变了职业景观、人类在这种环境中的能力期望，以及残疾和康复（临床和社区）的意义和范围。需要阐明这些变化对以恢复为导向的康复的意义、范围和目标的影响。最近创造的术语“超康复”为讨论由机器人技术和人类增强引发的能力期望的增长创造了空间，特别是在以职业为重点的康复领域。
