Centre for Phytophthora Science and Management, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia; and Faculty of Agriculture, University of Nusa Cendana, Kupang, Indonesia.
Centre for Phytophthora Science and Management, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University.
Plant Dis. 2018 Jan;102(1):132-139. doi: 10.1094/PDIS-05-17-0689-RE. Epub 2017 Oct 26.
A detailed site investigation of a eucalypt nursery suffering disease losses revealed the causal agent to be Phytophthora boodjera. The pathogen was detected in vegetation surrounding the nursery production area, including the lawn, under the production benches during the growing season, and, most importantly, from plant debris in used trays. However, it was not found in the container substrate, water supplies, or production equipment or on the workers themselves. The sterilization methods used by the nursery were shown to be ineffective, indicating that a more rigorous method was required. Boiling trays for 15 min or steaming at 65°C for 60 min eradicated P. boodjera. This pathogen was more pathogenic to the eucalypts tested in their early seedling stage than P. cinnamomi. Tracing of out-planting to revegetation sites showed that P. boodjera was able to spread into the environment. Dispersal via out-planting to native vegetation may affect seedling recruitment and drive long-term shifts in native plant species. Inadequate nursery hygiene increases the risk of an outbreak and can limit the success of biosecurity efforts as well as damage conservation efforts.
对遭受疾病损失的桉树苗圃进行了详细的现场调查，结果表明致病因子是胶孢炭疽菌。该病原体在苗圃生产区周围的植被中被检测到，包括生长季节的草坪、生产台下，最重要的是，在使用过的托盘的植物残体中。然而，在容器基质、供水、生产设备或工人本身中均未发现该病原体。苗圃使用的消毒方法被证明无效，这表明需要更严格的方法。将托盘煮沸 15 分钟或在 65°C 下蒸 60 分钟可根除胶孢炭疽菌。与菌根土霉菌相比，这种病原体对测试的桉树在其早期幼苗阶段的致病性更强。对种植到重新造林地点的追踪表明，胶孢炭疽菌能够传播到环境中。通过种植到原生植被中的传播可能会影响幼苗的繁殖，并导致本地植物物种的长期变化。苗圃卫生条件不足会增加疫情爆发的风险，并限制生物安全措施的成功实施，以及破坏保护工作。
