Northwestern University, Evanston, IL.
New York University, New York, NY.
Dev Sci. 2019 May;22(3):e12788. doi: 10.1111/desc.12788. Epub 2019 Jan 23.
There is ample evidence of racial and gender bias in young children, but thus far this evidence comes almost exclusively from children's responses to a single social category (either race or gender). Yet we are each simultaneously members of many social categories (including our race and gender). Among adults, racial and gender biases intersect: negative racial biases are expressed more strongly against males than females. Here, we consider the developmental origin of bias at the intersection of race and gender. Relying on both implicit and explicit measures, we assessed 4-year-old children's responses to target images of children who varied systematically in both race (Black and White) and gender (male and female). Children revealed a strong and consistent pro-White bias. This racial bias was expressed more strongly for males than females: children's responses to Black boys were less positive than to Black girls, White boys or White girls. This outcome, which constitutes the earliest evidence of bias at the intersection of race and gender, underscores the importance of addressing bias in the first years of life.
有大量证据表明，幼儿存在种族和性别偏见，但到目前为止，这些证据几乎完全来自于儿童对单一社会类别的反应（种族或性别）。然而，我们每个人同时都是许多社会类别的成员（包括种族和性别）。在成年人中，种族和性别偏见相互交织：对男性的负面种族偏见比女性更为强烈。在这里，我们考虑种族和性别交叉处偏见的发展起源。我们依赖内隐和外显的测量方法，评估了 4 岁儿童对目标图像的反应，这些图像在种族（黑人和白人）和性别（男性和女性）上有系统的变化。儿童表现出强烈而一致的亲白种族偏见。这种种族偏见在男性中表现得比女性更为强烈：儿童对黑人男孩的反应不如对黑人女孩、白人男孩或白人女孩积极。这一结果构成了种族和性别交叉处偏见的最早证据，强调了在生命最初几年解决偏见的重要性。
