GAI Guadalajara, Department of Allergy, Hospital Universitario de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Spain.
Department of Allergy, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2019;29(6):436-443. doi: 10.18176/jiaci.0373. Epub 2019 Jan 24.
The objectives of this study were to investigate the prevalence of sIgE to galactose-α-1,3-galactose (α-gal) in individuals with acute urticaria or anaphylaxis from different geographical areas of Spain and to evaluate the relevance of demographics and lifestyle as risk factors for this immune response.
Participants were recruited from allergy departments at 14 Spanish hospitals. Patients aged 18 years or older presenting with urticaria or anaphylaxis were enrolled into one of 2 arms: cases and controls. An interviewer-administered questionnaire collecting demographic data, lifestyle habits, and the presence of cofactors was obtained from each participant. sIgE to α-gal and total IgE were determined using ImmunoCAP. sIgE levels ≥0.35 kU/L were considered a positive result.
The study population comprised 160 cases and 126 controls. The median age was 44 years. The overall prevalence of a positive result of sIgE to α-gal was 15.7%; this was higher in cases (26.3%) than in controls (2.4%). The sIgE anti-α-gal positivity rate ranged from 37.68% (rural) to 15.38% (semiurban), and 7.85% (urban). The rates of positivity were 46.32%, (Northern), 0.72% (Center), and 0% (Mediterranean). A positive result for sIgE to α-gal was associated with a history of tick bites, participation in outdoor activities, pet ownership, and ingestion of mammalian meats or innards before the onset of symptoms. Only alcohol consumption could be implicated as a cofactor.
Sensitization to α-gal in patients with urticaria or anaphylaxis differs considerably between the 3 geographical areas studied and is related to tick bites.
本研究旨在调查来自西班牙不同地理区域的急性荨麻疹或过敏反应患者中抗半乳糖-α-1,3-半乳糖（α-gal）sIgE 的流行情况，并评估人口统计学和生活方式作为这种免疫反应的危险因素的相关性。
研究人员从西班牙 14 家医院的过敏科招募了参与者。年龄在 18 岁或以上，出现荨麻疹或过敏反应的患者被纳入以下两个手臂之一：病例组和对照组。每位参与者都由一名采访者管理的问卷收集人口统计学数据、生活习惯和伴随因素。使用 ImmunoCAP 测定抗α-gal sIgE 和总 IgE。sIgE 水平≥0.35 kU/L 被认为是阳性结果。
研究人群包括 160 例病例和 126 例对照。中位年龄为 44 岁。抗α-gal sIgE 阳性的总体患病率为 15.7%；病例组（26.3%）高于对照组（2.4%）。抗α-gal sIgE 阳性率范围为 37.68%（农村）至 15.38%（半农村）和 7.85%（城市）。阳性率分别为 46.32%（北部）、0.72%（中部）和 0%（地中海）。抗α-gal sIgE 阳性与蜱叮咬史、户外活动参与、宠物饲养以及在症状出现前摄入哺乳动物肉或内脏有关。只有饮酒可被视为伴随因素。
在荨麻疹或过敏反应患者中，α-gal 致敏在研究的 3 个地理区域之间存在显著差异，与蜱叮咬有关。
