Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 9, 171 65, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden.
Int J Nurs Stud. 2019 Mar;91:60-69. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2018.10.007. Epub 2019 Jan 3.
Transitioning into a new professional role is challenging. Unfortunately, little is currently known about how to reduce experiences of stress among new professionals. The socialization processes role clarity, task mastery, and social acceptance are assumed to reduce experiences of stress as they mediate new professionals' acquisition of knowledge, skills, attitudes, and behaviors. However, little prospective data is available on the actual effect of the processes on stress.
To prospectively investigate how the socialization processes relate to experiences of stress among new nurses during the first three months of professional working life. Specifically, to investigate development over time, as well as how episodes of increased or decreased levels of the socialization processes relate to concurrent levels of stress. The general purpose of this investigation was to examine the suitability of the socialization processes as targets of an intervention seeking to reduce stress among new professionals.
An intensive longitudinal study with weekly data collections over three months.
264 newly graduated Swedish nurses who started their first job during the period of the study.
The participants were followed prospectively during 14 consecutive weeks after their professional entry. Data on stress (Stress and Energy Questionnaire), role clarity (General Questionnaire for Psychological and Social Factors at Work), task mastery, and social acceptance (Needs Satisfaction and Frustration Scale) were collected weekly using digital surveys (mean response rate 82.7%). Data was analyzed using a multilevel model for intensive longitudinal data.
For the typical nurse, stress decreased by 0.13 units per month, role clarity and task mastery increased by 0.08 and 0.05 units, and social acceptance decreased by 0.08 units. In addition, the slopes of 95 percent of the new nurses varied within 1.18 (stress), 0.72 (role clarity), 0.44 (task mastery), and 0.86 (social acceptance) units of the typical nurse. Most importantly, when the new nurses experienced higher levels of task mastery, role clarity, and social acceptance, they experienced lower levels of stress (within-person parameter estimates: task mastery -0.40, p = .001; role clarity -0.34, p = .001; and social acceptance -0.33, p = .001).
Supporting the development of the socialization processes could be one theoretically based strategy to reduce levels of stress among new nurses. As stress among new professionals is not unique to the nursing profession, and the processes are considered important mediators of new professionals' adaptation in general, the results from this study should likely be generalizable to other professions.
过渡到新的职业角色具有挑战性。不幸的是，目前对于如何减少新专业人员的压力体验知之甚少。社会化过程中的角色明确性、任务掌握和社会接纳被认为可以减轻压力，因为它们可以促进新专业人员获取知识、技能、态度和行为。然而，关于这些过程对压力的实际影响，目前几乎没有前瞻性数据。
前瞻性研究新护士在专业工作生涯的头三个月中，社会化过程与压力体验之间的关系。具体而言，研究随着时间的推移的发展情况，以及社会化过程中增加或减少水平的阶段与同期压力水平的关系。这项研究的总体目的是检验这些社会化过程作为减少新专业人员压力的干预目标的适用性。
一项为期三个月的密集纵向研究，每周进行数据收集。
264 名新毕业的瑞典护士，在研究期间开始他们的第一份工作。
在他们入职后的 14 周内，对参与者进行前瞻性随访。每周通过数字调查收集压力（压力和能量问卷）、角色明确性（一般心理和社会因素工作问卷）、任务掌握和社会接纳（需求满足和挫折量表）的数据（平均响应率为 82.7%）。使用多层次模型对密集纵向数据进行分析。
对于典型的护士，压力每月下降 0.13 个单位，角色明确性和任务掌握分别增加 0.08 和 0.05 个单位，社会接纳下降 0.08 个单位。此外，95%的新护士的斜率变化范围在典型护士的 1.18（压力）、0.72（角色明确性）、0.44（任务掌握）和 0.86（社会接纳）单位内。最重要的是，当新护士经历更高水平的任务掌握、角色明确性和社会接纳时，他们经历的压力水平更低（个体内参数估计：任务掌握 -0.40，p=0.001；角色明确性 -0.34，p=0.001；和社会接纳 -0.33，p=0.001）。
支持社会化过程的发展可能是一种基于理论的策略，可以降低新护士的压力水平。由于新专业人员的压力并不是护理专业独有的，并且这些过程被认为是新专业人员适应的重要中介，因此这项研究的结果应该可以推广到其他职业。
